science unit 3 Flashcards
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fluid
any substance that flows
slurry
a mix of water and solids
when in an day in ur life do u use fluids
brush ur teeth laundry dishes shower and when u drink water
how is a submarine able to dive, travel along a constant depth and then rise to the surface of the water
a submarine controls it’s depth with bulast tanks filing them with water makes it sink while replacing water with air makes it rise adjusting this balence keeps it at a constant depth
how is a fish able to control whether it stays at a constant depth rise or sink
a fish has an internal organ under it’s backbone called a gas bladder by making changes to the volume of gasses in the bladder a fish can control weather where it stays
what is slurry technology
the transport of solids in water
what makes fluids useful in many applications
the ability of fluids to hold or carry other things makes them useful in many applications as well as how they can also take the shape of there contaniers
why are many of the solid objects we see and use originally prepped as fluids gave an example
fluids are easy to move and they take the shape of there contaniers an example is concrete being poured as a liquid and drying into a soilid
name 2 fluid technologies that make use of air
an air pump and a genertor
why is it important for steel to go thru a fluid phase as it is being produced
it’s heated to melt everything together so meteririals can be added
draw an example from this chapter where fluids have been used
draw a submarine and explain
Matter
s anything that has mass and volume.
Mass
is a measure of h ow much matter there is in a substance.
Volume
is a measure of how much pace a substance takes up
Particle Theory of Matter
a simple way of describing matter and its behaviour
Thermal Expansion
is an increase in the volume of a substance in response to an increase in its temperature
what are the 3 states water can be in
liquid solid and gas
the particle theroey has 6 main points name em
In which state of matter do particles stay in more or less the same position? Why is this? In which state of matter is there the greatest space between particles?
Particles stay in more or less the same position in the solid state because they are tightly packed and only vibrate in place due to strong intermolecular forces.
The greatest space between particles is in the gas state because the particles move freely and are not held together by strong forces
how does tempurture effect solids liquids and gasses
when the temp of a solid liquid or gas decreaes it’s particles move more slowly and closer togerther as a result the substatute shrinks or contracts
which 2 states of mattter can flow
liquids and gas
why must highways and briges be built with gaps
highways and bridges must be built with gaps to allow for thermal expansion and contraction. Materials like concrete and steel expand when heated and contract when cooled
what are the costs assosiated to water freesing and thawing
damage to infatructure maintanance expences and issues related to insurance
Viscosity
a fluid’s resistance to flow. Thick = high viscosity
Flow Rate
how fast a fluid moves in a given time.
Density
how much mass is in a certain volume.
Friction
a force that resists motion between two surfaces
How do potholes occur
Potholes occur when water seeps into cracks, freezes, expands, then breaks the road
What makes a hot air balloon rise? What scientific principle is at work? How does the balloon come back to earth
A hot air balloon rises because hot air is less dense than cool air, so it floats upward.To come back down, the air inside is allowed to cool, making it denser, so the balloon sinks.
One property of fluids is how they move or flow. Think about the fluids you have used in the past few days. Pick two fluids and describe how they flow. What would happen if they did not flow the way they usually do
Water flows quickly and smoothly — it spreads out fast.
Honey flows slowly and thickly — it moves in a sticky stream.
If water didn’t flow easily, it’d be hard to drink or clean with.
If honey flowed too fast, it’d be hard to control or spread neatly
How is the viscosity of ketchup designed? Why
Ketchup is designed with high viscosity so it flows slowly.
This prevents it from pouring too fast and making a mess
What has a big effect on the viscosity of a fluid? Explain
Temperature has a big effect on viscosity.
When a fluid is heated, it usually flows more easily because the particles move faster and slide past each other better.
When cooled, it becomes thicker and flows more slowly.
Explain how temperature affects the viscosity of gases differently from how it affects the viscosity of liquid
In gases, as temperature increases, viscosity also increases due to faster-moving molecules causing more collisions and resistance to flow. In liquids, higher temperatures decrease viscosity because the increased molecular motion weakens intermolecular forces, allowing the liquid to flow more easily
Illustrate an example of viscosity
An example of viscosity is the difference between honey and water. Honey has a higher viscosity because its molecules are more strongly bonded, making it flow slowly, while water has a lower viscosity, allowing it to flow more freely and quickly.
an example of the particles
in a liquid, solid and a gas
Liquid (e.g., water): In a liquid, particles are close together but can move past each other. This allows liquids to flow while maintaining a definite volume.
Solid (e.g., ice): In a solid, particles are tightly packed and vibrate in place. This gives solids a fixed shape and volume.
Gas (e.g., air): In a gas, particles are far apart and move freely at high speeds. This allows gases to expand and fill the container they are in.
