science unit 1 Flashcards
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what do microbiologists study
they study cells
three needs of living things
oxygen food and water
what is a cell
The cell is an organism’s basic structural unit and life’s building block.
how have microscopes helped our understanding of cells and cell processes
Microscopes helped us observe cells, their structures, and processes, advancing biological and medical understanding.
what are the three main points of cell theory
Cell theory states that the cell is the basic unit of life, organisms can be unicellular or multicellular, and all cells come from existing cells through cell division.
how do scientists divide orgasums
Scientists decide which is which by dividing organisms into those that can make their food (plants) (Fi6ure 1.9) and those that must consume other li ving things to get the nutrients they need (animals)
cytoplasm
liquid that fills the inside of a cell.
cell membrame
a shell that protects the inside of a cell from the outdoor environment
nucleus
The cell’s control center is the nucleus, containing genetic material (DNA) and regulating cell activities.
Organelles
Organelles are specialized structures within a cell that perform distinct functions, like energy production or protein synthesis.
photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is the process where plants convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose and oxygen.
chloroplasts
plant cell organelles that convert light energy into relatively stable chemical energy via the photosynthetic process.
vacuole
a membrane-bound cell organelle
mitochondria
the powerhouse of the cell that is also a membrane-bound cell organelles
why do scientists add stains to cells when viewing them
cells are trensparent when u stain it u can see it more clearly
how have scientists assisted farmers in Canada?
they made plants that do not die in cold weather and are resistant to insects
what material is best for rain jackets
selectively permeable cuz it has some water vapor through but keeps out rain
at every time in the day are your cells working
yes they are doing things like energy production growth repair and waste removal
micrographs
photos taken by a microscope
permeable
liquid and gas can pass through easily
impermeable
not allowing fluid and gas to pass through easily
selective permeable
only allowing certain things to pass through
cellular transport
the movement of substances in and out of a cell
diffusion
the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area with lower concentration
osmosis
the movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane
what is the role of kidneys
Your kidneys’ primary function is to filter your blood
what is dialisis and how does is work
a procedure to remove waste products and excess fluid from the blood when the kidneys stop working properly.
what is a virus and how is it detected
virus are tiny agents that cause infection and can be seen by electron microscopes
use selectivly permible in a sentence
this raincoat in selectively permeable it keeps vapour in and keeps rain out
What would be the impact on the environment if an artificial virns that attacked and destroyed chloroplasts in plant cells was accidently released by a research company?
The accidental release of an artificial virus that destroys chloroplasts would halt photosynthesis, causing widespread plant death. This would disrupt food chains, reduce oxygen production, increase carbon dioxide, and lead to biodiversity loss, potentially causing environmental collapse.
how can u tell the differance betwwen animal cells and plant cells
plant cells are more rigid while animal cells are more free flowing
what is the largest animal on earth how big is it what does it it feed on
blue whales feed on zooplankton grows to 25m long
are unicellular organasums harmful or helpful
there are more helpful ones then unhelpful ones
give an example of a unicellular organisum
parameoa they propel themselfs with cilla
whats amobea
Amoeba are the simplest form of life and are found in oceans, streams, lakes, ponds, and wet soil
how does air drying work
Air drying preserves food by removing moisture, which inhibits the growth of bacteria, mold, and yeast that cause spoilage.
unicellular
living things made out of a single cell
specialized cells
cells that do specific things
multicellular
an organism composed of many cells.
describe a red blood cell
microscopic and have the shape of a flat disk or doughnut, which is round with an indentation in the center, but it isn’t hollow.
tissues
Epithelial tissues act as coverings, controlling the movement of materials across their surface.
organs
a collection of tissues that structurally form a functional unit specialized to perform a particular function
4 types of animal tissue in organs
epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous
3 different types of plant tissues in organs
protective transport and photosynthetic tissue
what cellular activities reqiure energy
growth repair and reproduction
cells have a lifespan explain in point form
Cells go through different phases during their lives blood cells only live for about 13 days, whereas red blood cells live for about 120 days.
explain cell division
the name we give the process through which cells replicate and make two new cells
explain why multicellular organisms are very complex
They all have to work togther to do stuff
do all cells have to be made out of eachother
yes
do organs work in isolation
if your blood vessels did not exist it would be harder to get blood to your feet
what is cell biology
a study of cell structure and function
hearing damage can be caused by many factor what’s the main one
earbuds style headphones on high volume for long periods of time
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organ system
a biological system consisting of organs that work together to perform one or more functions
skeletal system
a framework of bones and cartilage that supports and protects tissues and organs
muscular system
a system composed of specilised cells called muscle fibers
circulatory system
the system that contains the heart and moves blood throughout the body
respiratory system
the organs are involved in your breathing like your nose,trancia and lungs
nervous system
includes the brain, spinal cord, and a complex network of nerves. This system sends messages back and forth between the brain and the body
digestive system
Your GI tract is a series of hollow organs that connect to digest and move food through your body. I
excreatory system
the system the removes waste products from the body
integumentary system
the body’s outer layer and the first line of defence against bacteria
endocrine system
the system that makes hormones and spreads them though out the body
what are hormones
Chemical substances that act like messenger molecules in the body.
lymphadic system
a part of the immune system that keeps fluid in a level and defends against infection
List 4 infectious diseases that have been brought under control in much of the worldbecause of improvements in technology for studying cells.
smallpox polio malaria tuberculosis
What is the challenge for researchers in cell biology and related fields?
may not have a solid science background or find abstract concepts and curing people with spinal cord injuries
what does sars stand for how is it transmitted and was it destroyed
severe acute respiratory syndrome-contact either with airborne
water droplets or with contaminated surfaces. it was never destroyed
How have cell biologist changed plants? Give at least two ways.
to grow in cold weather and to have better nutritional value
What are critics of cell biology concerned with?
putting chemicals on food crops and what it might do to humans
What are the most plentiful cells in your body and about how many are there
bacteria cells are the most common and there are100 000 000 000 000. Or
maybe it’s 1 000 000 000 000 000
