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Homeschool > Science Unit 1 > Flashcards

Science Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The study of all living things, like plants, animals, and even single cell organisms

A

Life Science/Biology

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2
Q

Deals with Earth and space-things like planets, stars, and rocks. Studies nonliving things and their history

A

Earth Science

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3
Q

All about matter and energy, the most basic building blocks of the universe. It includes physics and chemistry

A

Physical Science

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4
Q

The strategy used for scientific investigations

A

Scientific Inquiry

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5
Q

A prediction or proposed explanation that can be tested

A

Hypothesis

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6
Q

Using all of your senses and scientific instruments to describe a thing or event

A

Observation

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7
Q

The findings of your scientific investigation

A

Conclusion

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8
Q

Information or data based on countable measurements of something

A

Quantitative

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9
Q

Information based on the qualities of something

A

Qualitative

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10
Q

A proposed explanation that has been extensively tested and is biased on many observations

A

Theory

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11
Q

A rule that describes how something in nature behaves, but not necessarily why it behave that way

A

Law

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12
Q

What are the three main branches of science, and what does each study?

A

Life science/biology is the study of living things, Earth science is the study of earth and space, and Physical science is the study of matter and energy

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13
Q

What are the basic steps of scientific inquiry?

A

Ask a question, do background research, make a hypothesis, test your hypothesis, analyze results, draw a conclusion, and share results. Or, if your hypothesis is proven false, make a new hypothesis and start again

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14
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

It’s an educated prediction that can be tested.

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15
Q

If your observations do not support your hypothesis, what should you do?

A

Make a new hypothesis based on your observations and begin the process over again

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16
Q

How is evidence used in scientific investigations?

A

Evidence-observations and data-can either support or oppose a hypothesis

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17
Q

Compare and contrast a theory and a law.

A

A theory explains why something happens. A law identifies what happens in nature but doesn’t necessarily explain why it happens

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18
Q

What are models, and why are they used in science?

A

A model is a representation of something. Models are used in science to help us think about things that are difficult to observe in real life.

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19
Q

Give an example of a physical model, a computer model, and a mathematical model

A

Physical models-maps, globes, and dioramas
Computer models-3-d simulations of people or places and simulations of moving weather fronts
Mathematical models-equations, such as the equation of a line, and mathematical simulations, such as business proposals

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20
Q

A step-by-step list of how to carry out the experiment

A

Procedure

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21
Q

A trial where all the constant. A control is used as the standard of comparison for your experiment.

A

Control

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22
Q

All the variables in an experiment that remain the same

A

Constants

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23
Q

The variable that you change in an experiment on purpose

A

Independent Variable

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24
Q

The variable that is influenced by the independent variable, the results of your experiment

A

Dependent Variable

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25
Q

Present data in rows and columns

A

Tables

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26
Q

A graph showing the relationship between two variables-on plotted on the x-axis (the horizontal line), the other on the Y-axis (the vertical line).

A

Line Graphs

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27
Q

A type of line graph that shows the relationship between two sets of data.

A

Scatter Plot

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28
Q

A type of graph that presents the data as rectangles of different heights

A

Bar Graphs

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29
Q

A type of graph that looks like a pie cut into slices

A

Circle Graph (Pie Chart)

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30
Q

Using observations and facts, to reach a conclusion about something you may not have directly witnessed

A

Infer

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31
Q

A branch of science that studies the design. building, and use of machines and structures in order to invent new products that solve problems

A

Engineering

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32
Q

The requirements that an engineer must fulfill in his or her design

A

Design specs

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33
Q

Restrictions or limitations (can be physical, social, or financial)

A

Constraints

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34
Q

A preliminary model that can be easily adjusted

A

Prototype

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35
Q

Lets the reader know what the investigation was about

A

Title (Lab report)

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36
Q

A brief description to answer the question, “What was the purpose of doing this experiment?” or “What is the question I’m trying to answer?”

A

Purpose (Lab report)

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37
Q

Definitions of key words and explanation of key concepts

A

Background Information (Lab report)

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38
Q

The predictions you were testing

A

Hypothesis (Lab report)

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39
Q

A list of the materials and equipment necessary to carry out the experiment. You could even add a sketch or description of the setup

A

Materials & Equipment (Lab report)

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40
Q

A step-by-step description of how to carry out the experiment

A

Procedure (Lab report)

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41
Q

All the measurements and observations you made during the experiment.

A

Data (Lab report)

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42
Q

A summary of what you learned from the experiment, whether or not your results support your hypothesis, any errors, and questions for more experiments

A

Conclusion (Lab report)

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43
Q

How consistent and exact your measurements are

A

Precision

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44
Q

How close to the actual value your measurement is

A

Accuracy

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45
Q

A rough guess of a measurement using reason and observation

A

Estimation

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46
Q

Giving a number a nearby value

A

Rounding Numbers

47
Q

Describe the difference between precision & accuracy

A

Precision is how consistent and exact a measurement is, while accuracy is how close to the actual or true value a measurement is

48
Q

What does a hypothesis tell you in a lab report?

A

A hypothesis describes the predictions you were testing

49
Q

What does a procedure tell you in a lab report?

A

A procedure is a list of the steps necessary to carry out the experiment

50
Q

What should you include in a conclusion?

A

A summary of the results, a discussion of whether or not the data supported the hypothesis, errors, and questions for further investigation

51
Q

Describe a situation where you would need to use estimation or round numbers.

A

Any situation where making an exact measurement isn’t possible, or if you are calculating a number with a repeating decimal

52
Q

Define “Bias.”

A

A bias is having a special interest that prevents you from being objective or conducting a fair test of your hypothesis

53
Q

Describe some reasons why you might be critical of scientific findings

A

The person or group conducting the experiment is biased, the data seems unreasonable, and/or the results aren’t replicable

54
Q

Systeme Internationale

A

SI

55
Q

The distance between two paints

A

Length

56
Q

The amount of space something occupies

A

Volume

57
Q

The amount of matter in a liquid, solid, or gas

A

Mass

58
Q

The force exerted by a mass

A

Weight

59
Q

The amount of matter in a volume

A

Density

60
Q

How hot or cold something is

A

Temperature

61
Q

The period between events, or how long something lasted

A

Time

62
Q

Like a ruler, except it is 1 meter long

A

Meterstick

63
Q

Measures long distances through a series of clicks

A

Trundle Wheel

64
Q

For measuring distances that would be hard to measure using a meterstick or a trundle wheel, such as the distance around a round object

A

Tape Measure

65
Q

A cylinder marked on the outside to indicate how much fluid it contains

A

Graduated Cylinder

66
Q

The curved surface of a liquid in a tube

A

Meniscus

67
Q

Measures mass by placing an object on a pan

A

Electronic Balance

68
Q

Compares the weight of objects in pans on each side of a balance

A

Double Pan Balance

69
Q

Like a Double Pan Balance but instead there is a pan on one side, and three beams, each with sliding weights on the other side

A

Triple Beam Balance

70
Q

What are the SI units for mass, length, and temperature?

A

Grams, meters, kelvin

71
Q

What tool would you use to measure the height of your dog?

A

A meterstick

72
Q

Where do you look to take a volume reading of a liquid in a graduated cylinder?

A

The bottom of the meniscus

73
Q

What is the easiest tool used to measure mass?

A

An electronic balance

74
Q

How do you find the volume of a rectangular solid?

A

You measure the length, width, and height of an object. You then multiply all three numbers to find the volume of the object (volume = length x width x height).

75
Q

Describe the difference between mass and weight.

A

Mass is the amount of matter in an object, and weight is the force applied by mass

76
Q

Convert 50 centimeters to kilometers.

A

0.0005 kilometers

77
Q

Define “volume” and list some common volumes measured.

A

Volume is the amount of space something occupies, such as the volume of liquid in a soft drink, the volume of a serving of cereal, or the volume of a backpack

78
Q

If the boiling point of water in Celsius is 100 degrees, what is the boiling point in kelvin?

A

373.15 degrees kelvin

79
Q

You place a paperclip in a cup of soda and it sinks. Which is denser-the paper clip or the soda? Would the paperclip most likely have a density of 2.8, 1.0, or 0.3 g/ml?

A

The paperclip is denser; 2.8 g/ml

80
Q

Used if a chemical spills or splashes into your eye.

A

Eyewash

81
Q

Used when handling hot beakers or equipment

A

Thermal Mitts or Tongs

82
Q

Used to put out electrical, chemical, or gas fires

A

Fire Extinguisher

83
Q

Used to smother small fires on people or surfaces

A

Fire Blanket

84
Q

Used is a chemical is spilled and touches your skin either directly or through clothing

A

Shower

85
Q

Waste: blood, mold, dead animals, animal waste, or any objects contaminated by these things

A

Biological Waste

86
Q

Waste: anything poisonous, such as chemicals, solutions, or certain cleaning materials

A

Toxic Waste

87
Q

Waste: anything contaminated by radiation, perhaps from lab or x-ray equipment

A

Radioactive Waste

88
Q

Waste: things that can easily catch on fire such as gasoline, solvents, or alcohol

A

Flammable Waste

89
Q

Waste: highly corrosive chemicals such as acids, bases, and old batteries

A

Corrosive Chemical Waste

90
Q

Waste: broken glass or sharp objects such as needles or blades

A

Sharp Objects and Glassware

91
Q

Living or once living materials

A

Biological Materials

92
Q

Single cell organisms that have cell walls but no organelles or organized nucleus

A

Bacteria

93
Q

Like a stovetop, and there is a dial to control the heat

A

Hot Plate

94
Q

An open flame fed by gas

A

Bunsen Burner

95
Q

Used to hold up beakers, flasks, and test tubes

A

Ring Stand

96
Q

Looks kind of like a glass cup with a spout to make pouring fluids easier

A

Beaker

97
Q

Like a beaker, except that it’s mouth is much narrower, so it can be closed with a stopper

A

Flask

98
Q

A long glass tube rounded at the end

A

Test Tube

99
Q

Rubber tops that fit into the neck of test tubes and flasks

A

Stoppers

100
Q

Helps you clean gunk out of narrow test tubes

A

Test Tube Brush

101
Q

A glass stick used for stirring liquids

A

Stirring Rod

102
Q

Used to help cleanly pour liquids from one container to another

A

Funnel

103
Q

A tool that allows you to see small things up close

A

Microscope

104
Q

A microscope with two lenses for super powerful magnification

A

Compound Microscope

105
Q

What is used to heat things with an open flame?

A

A Bunsen Burner

106
Q

What is a safer way to smell a chemical?

A

Wafting it

107
Q

What can you use to protect your eyes during labs?

A

Goggles

108
Q

Don’t ______ or drink in lab!

A

Eat

109
Q

What instrument is like a beaker with a narrower mouth?

A

A flask

110
Q

What is the kind of waste that includes living or once living things?

A

Biological Waste

111
Q

A _______ stand is used in conjunction with a Bunsen Burner.

A

Ring

112
Q

What is used to smother small fires or to wrap a person on fire?

A

A fire blanket

113
Q

Never leave a heat source__________

A

Unattended

114
Q

What holds the specimen when you use a microscope?

A

A slide

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