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Homeschool > American History Unit 1 > Flashcards

American History Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Communities of people who move from place to place, relying on plants and animals found in the wild for food.

A

Nomadic hunter-gatherers

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2
Q

The movement of a number of people (or animals) often to establish a new homeland

A

Migration

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3
Q

The land connecting the northeast tip of Asia and present day Alaska

A

Bering Land Bridge (or Beringia)

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4
Q

The area now called Central America

A

Mesoamerica

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5
Q

The way a society behaves and it’s system of beliefs, laws, and customs

A

Culture

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6
Q

An early form of corn

A

Maize

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7
Q

A group of people living together as a group

A

Society

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8
Q

An advanced and complicated society

A

Civilization

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9
Q

Government where the priests are in charge

A

Theocracy

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10
Q

What was Beringia? Where was it located?

A

Beringia was the land bridge between Asia and North America

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11
Q

Why did people first come to the Americas? Why did they stop?

A

People were following animal migrations, but they stopped when Beringia was covered by water when the glacial period ended

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12
Q

How do cultures become different from one another?

A

It happens over time, as they are separated from their roots and develop new traditions

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13
Q

What is a nomadic hunter-gatherer society?

A

People who move regularly, and hunt and gather for food

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14
Q

How did innovations in farming affect societies?

A

With food produced in one place, sedentary living increased

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15
Q

What is one invention of the Maya people?

A

A calendar, canals

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16
Q

What is Theocracy?

A

A government controlled by priests

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17
Q

What was the capital of the Aztec Empire? When was it founded?

A

Tenochtitlan, founded 1325 CE

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18
Q

What was the language of the Inca Empire?

A

Quechua

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19
Q

Means “ancient ones”

A

Anasazi

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20
Q

A kind of clay still used for building in the southwest

A

Adobe

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21
Q

The millions of people who settled in what is now the U.S. and Canada

A

Native Americans

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22
Q

Name three types of homes that the Anasazi created

A

Pit houses, pueblos, and cliff dwellings

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23
Q

How did the Mound Builders use mounds?

A

To be used as temples and tombs

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24
Q

What was Cahokia?

A

The largest settlement of the Mississippian people

25
Q

What was a major factor in the differences between the cultures of Native American tribes?

A

Where they lived: climate, geography, and resources

26
Q

What is an example of a nomadic Native American tribe?

A

Blackfoot/Apache/Comanche/Dakota

27
Q

What was the Iroquois League?

A

An alliance of northeastern tribes

28
Q

Which tribes were members of the League and when did it form?

A

The Cayuga, Onondaga, Seneca, Mohawk, and Oneid created the League in the 1500s: the Tuscarora joined in 1722

29
Q

A route that linked China and the West

A

Silk road

30
Q

A period characterized by growing knowledge and innovations in technology

A

Renaissance

31
Q

Device that improved the safety and efficiency of ocean travel by determining direction

A

Magnetic Compasses

32
Q

A current that moves clockwise between Europe and the Caribbean

A

North Atlantic Current

33
Q

A current that travels counterclockwise between Africa and South America

A

South Atlantic Current

34
Q

Small sailing ships that were speedy and maneuverable, and could sail into the wind

A

Caravels

35
Q

Nine expeditions by Europeans to win back control of their holy sites from the Muslims

A

The Crusades

36
Q

Built a school of navigation in the 1400’s but didn’t do any exploring himself

A

Prince Henry the Navigator

37
Q

Capital of Portugal

A

Libson

38
Q

Sail around (think circle)

A

Circumnavigate

39
Q

Resistance to a disease or sickness, particularly due to previous exposure to the germs

A

Immunity

40
Q

Person appointed by a king or queen to rule an area on his or her behalf

A

Viceroy

41
Q

A royal grant of land, including all people on it

A

Encomienda

42
Q

Persons from the peninsula of Spain

A

Peninsulares

43
Q

The first generation born to Spanish parents

A

Creoles

44
Q

Of mixed European and American race

A

Mestizos

45
Q

Large estates

A

Haciendas

46
Q

Large farms raising cash crops

A

Plantations

47
Q

A plant that farmers grow to make money

A

Cash Crop

48
Q

A water route through North America

A

Northwest Passage

49
Q

To revolt or rebel against authority, especially by sailors against their officers

A

Mutiny

50
Q

Permission from the monarch to start a colony

A

Charter

51
Q

Why did the Portuguese want to sail directly to India?

A

They wanted to cut out the middleman in their trade

52
Q

Why did Christopher Columbus have trouble getting funding?

A

Nobody knew how far it was if you sailed west from Europe

53
Q

Why is Portuguese spoken in Brazil?

A

Spain and Portugal agreed in the Treaty of Tordesillas that that land would belong to Portugal

54
Q

What does it mean to “circumnavigate” something?

A

To sail around it

55
Q

What was the Columbian Exchange?

A

The exchange of plants, animals, and germs between the two hemispheres

56
Q

How did the conquistadors conquer entire empires with only a few hundred soldiers?

A

They had surprise, the support of oppressed locals, technology, and immunities

57
Q

Although the Northwest Passage wasn’t found by early explorers, what were two resulting explorations?

A

Example: John Cabot landed in Newfoundland, Canada and Henry Hudson explored the Hudson River

58
Q

How did the defeat of the Spanish Armada affect colonization of the Americas?

A

Spain could no longer enforce the Treaty of Tordesillas and its monopoly on colonization

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