Science Test Term1 Number 2 Flashcards
What is the Endocrine System
The endocrine system controls body functions using hormones, which are chemical messengers. Works more slowly because hormones travel through the blood to reach their targets.
Identify the role of a hormone
A hormone is a chemical messenger that controls body functions like growth, mood, and energy by traveling in the blood.
Describe how they affect target cells
Hormones attach to specific receptors on target cells, sending signals that change the cell’s activity. This can make the cell grow, produce energy, or release other chemicals.
Where is the Pituitary gland located?
The pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain, beneath the hypothalamus.
Where is the Thyroid gland located?
The thyroid gland is located in the front of the neck, below the Adam’s apple.
Where is the Ovaries gland located?
The ovaries are located in the lower abdomen, on either side of the uterus.
Where is the Testes gland located?
The testes are located in the scrotum, a sac-like structure beneath the penis.
Where is the Adrenal gland located?
The adrenal glands are located on top of each kidney.
Where is the Pancreas gland located?
The pancreas is located behind the stomach, in the upper abdomen.
Ovaries 1
Hormone: Oestrogen
Effect: Development of female characteristics
Target: Many tissue
Ovaries 2
Hormone: Progesterone
Effect: Regulates menstrual cycle + prepares for pregnancy.
Target: Uterus
Pancreas 1
Hormone: Insulin
Effect: Stimulates the uptake of glucose into cells
Target:Most cells
Pancreas 2
Hormone: Glucagon
Effect: The breakdown of glycogen and fat into glucose
Target: Liver and fat storage
Adrenal Gland
Hormones: Adrenaline
Effect: Helps prepare the body to react to situations
Target: Most cells
Thyroid Gland
Hormone: Thyroxine
Effect: Controls the rate of energy the body uses
Target: All cells
Homeostasis
Homeostasis is the process by which the body keeps its internal environment stable.
Ovaries 1
Hormone: Oestrogen
Effect: Development of female characteristics
Target: Many tissue
Ovaries 2
Hormone: Progesterone
Effect: Regulates menstrual cycle + prepares for pregnancy.
Target Uterus
Pancreas 1
Hormone: Insulin
Effect: Stimulates the uptake of glucose into cells
Target:Most cells
Pancreas 2
Hormone: Glucagon
Effect: The breakdown of glycogen and fat into glucose
Target: Liver and fat storage
Thyroid
Hormone: Thyroxine
Effect: Controls the rate of energy the body uses
Target: All cells
Adrenal
Hormones: Adrenaline
Effect: Helps prepare the body to react to situations
Target: Most cells
Pituitary 1
Hormone: Growth Hormone
Effect: Influencing our height, and helping build our bones and muscles
Target: Many tissues
Pituitary 2
Hormone: Thyroid stimulating hormone
Effect: Riggers your thyroid to release its hormones, which mainly impact your body’s metabolism
Target: Thyroid
Testes
Hormone: Testosterone
Effect: Development of male characteristics
Target: Many tissues
Type 1 Diabetes cause
A disorder where the body destroys insulin producing cells in the pancreas
Type 1 Diabetes symptoms
Increased thirst, frequent urination, unintended weight loss, blurred vision, extreme hunger, fatigue and weakness, moody changes and irritability.
Type 1 Diabetes treatments
Insulin pump, regular blood sugar monitoring. regular exercise and a healthy diet
Type 2 Diabetes causes
When cells don’t respond properly to insulin which is called insulin resistance. Causing glucose to stay in the blood leading to high blood glucose levels. Family history with diabetes, Increasing age and having a poor diet can cause type 2 diabetes.
Type 2 Diabetes symptoms
Feeling hungry, tired, frequent infections, wound heal slowly and weight loss.
Type 2 Diabetes treatment
Can be controlled with lifestyle methods and medication. Helps control your blood glucose levels.
Hyperthyroidism causes
Hyperthyroidism is caused when the thyroid makes too much hormone. This can happen because of illness, lumps, or too much iodine.
Hyperthyroidism symptoms
Losing weight, fast heartbeat, excessive sweating, muscle weakness and increased hunger.
Hyperthyroidism treatment
Treated with medicine, special pills, or surgery to help the body slow down and feel better.
Hypothyroidism causes
When the thyroid makes not enough thyroid hormones.
Hypothyroidism symptoms
Tiredness, weight gain, dry skin, cold intolerance, constipation and muscle weakness.
Hypothyroidism treatments
Taking medicine like levothyroxine everyday can help return hormone levels to a healthy
Homeostasis
The process of maintaining a relatively constant internal environment is called homeostasis.
Homeostasis example
If you’re too hot, your body makes you sweat to cool you down. If you’re cold, your body makes you shiver to generate heat
Negative Feedback System
Stimulus-Receptor-Control- Effector- Response-Negative feedback
Negative Feedback
Negative feedback is the body’s way of keeping things balanced. When there’s too much of something, like a hormone, the body sends signals to make less of it.
Describe how the body regulates body temperature in both hot and cold conditions
In hot conditions: The body sweats to cool down and blood vessels widen (vasodilation) to release heat.
In cold conditions: The body shivers to make heat and blood vessels narrow (vasoconstriction) to keep heat in.
