Science Test Term1 Number 1 Flashcards
What is the Cerebrum?
The cerebrum makes up 80% of the brain. It is responsible for concious thoughts, language/speech voluntary movement, intelligence and memory, processing sensory information.
What is the Cerebellum?
The Cerebellum is responsible for balance and coordination. It is located at the base of the skull.
What is the Medulla?
The lower part of the brain that becomes the spinal cord. It contains control centre of the the body vital function such as breathing, heart rate and blood pressure.
What is the Hypothalamus?
An area of the brain that controls and releases hormones that control body temperature, heart rate, mood and hunger. It also controls the hormones that are released from the pituitary gland.
The central nervous system
That controls all the parts of the body to communicate and respond to stimuli.
The peripheral nervous system
Connects the CNS to the rest of the body. Carries sensory and motor information to and from the CNS. Allows the brain and spinal cord to receive information.
Afferent and Efferent
-Nerves leading away from the CNS make up efferent pathway.
-Nerve leading towards the CNS make up the afferent pathway.
Sympathetic Divison
Acts during time of stress. Helps mobilise energy to prepare your body to take action.
Parasympathetic divison
Acts during time of rest. Calms down the body and conserve energy to do daily activities.
Cell body
Control centre of the neuron and contains the nucleus cell.
Dendrites
The part that reached out of the cell body to receive electrical signals from other neuron’s or sensory neurons.
Axon
Sends electrical signals only in one direction away from the cell to the axon terminal.
Axon terminal
Passes the electrical signal to other neuron’s.
Myelin Sheath
Covers the cell body helping increases the speed of the electrical travelling through the axon.
Synapse
The electrical signal reaches the end of the axon terminal there is a gap called the synapse. A chemical (neurotransmitter) is released into the space between the neurone. The neurotransmitters carries the message across to the dendrites of the next neuron.
Direction of impulse travel
dendrites-cell body-axon-axon terminal-synapse.
Sensory Neuron
Nerve cells that carry signals from the sensory receptors that detect stimuli to the CNS.
Motor Neuron
Nerve cells that carry signals from the CNS to muscles, organs and glands causing them to act.
Relay Neuron
Neuron’s located within the CNS that transmit signals to the sensory and motor neurone.
Synaptic Knob
The small end of the axon the forms the synapse with another neuron.
Receptors
Organs or tissues that detect changes (stimuli) in the enviroment.
Touch
Mechanoreceptors
Taste
Chemoreceptors
Temperature
Thermoreceptors
Light
Photoreceptors
Reflex arc
A reflex arc is neural pathway that controls a quick, automatic response to stimuli.
Receptor
A receptor is special organs or tissues that detect changes in the environment.
Effector
Muscles or glands that respond to stimuli
6 of the main endocrine glands
Ovaries,Testes,Pituitary gland, Pancreas, Thyroid gland, Adrenal gland
List the hormones produced by Ovaries 1
Hormone:Oestrogen
Effect: Development of female characteristics
Target: Many tissue
List the hormones produced by Testes
Hormone: Testosterone
Effect: Development of male characteristics
Target: Many tissues
List the hormones produced by Pancreas 1
Hormone: Glucagon
Effect:The breakdown of glycogen and fat into glucose
Target: Liver and fat storage
List the hormones produced by Ovaries 2
Hormone: Progesterone
Effect:Regulates menstrual cycle + prepares for pregnancy.
Target Uterus
List the hormones produced by Pancreas 2
Hormone: Insulin
Effect: Stimulates the uptake of glucose into cells
Target:Most cells
List the hormones produced by Thyroid gland
Hormone: Thyroxine
Effect: Controls the rate of energy the body uses
Target: All cells
List the hormones produced by Adrenal gland
Hormones: Adrenaline
Effect: Helps prepare the body to react to situations
Target: Most cells
List the hormones produced by Pituitary gland
The pituitary gland is the master gland that controls all of the glands in the body.
Produces thyroid stimulating hormones-Travels in the blood to the thyroid-Stimulates the thyroid to release thyroxine
