Science Test T3 W10

Question 1

What did Louis Pasteur do?

Answer 1

Louis Pasteur conducted an experiment that proved that disease wasn’t a natural occurrence and created the germ theory in 1862

Question 2

What did John Snow do?

Answer 2

. In 1854, John Snow realised something important about the cholera outbreak around drinking wells in London and discovered that the drinking water was contaminated by the sewage

. Because of this, this helped scientists to link the disease to a specific bacterial pathogen

Question 3

What was Ignaz Semmelweis known for?

Answer 3

. He was known for founding the science of hand washing ( in 1846)

Question 4

How did Ignaz Semmelweis discovered it?

Answer 4

. He noticed that medical students often deliver babies after conducting surgery or preforming autopsies on corpses which lead to more women dying
. So, he told all medical staff to wash their hands with a chlorine solution because it got rid of the smell of corpses. Suddenly, the number of deaths dropped

Question 5

Who is Alexander Flemming?

Answer 5

Alexander Flemming is a Scottish physician who helped with the discovery of the drug penicillin.

Question 6

What did Alexander Flemming do?

Answer 6

. Alexander was trying to grow bacteria as part of his research, but he failed to clean up his experiment and left an agar plate open. When he returned, a small spot of mould started growing in the centre of the plate, and all around the mould was a clear circle where the bacteria couldn’t grow.

. A tear from his eye contained lysozyme prevented the bacterial growth also

. He then concluded that the mould was producing a molecule (Penicillin) that was able to prevent bacterial growth by preventing the bacteria from repairing or making a new cell wall

Question 7

Who is Howard Florey

Answer 7

. Howard Florey is an Australian pathologist that was able to grow and purify enough penicillin to be used by patients

. He was also a part of the most important experiment where 8 mice were infected with streptococci bacteria which left 4 mice alive

. Because of this experiment, this led them to trial the penicillin on their first patient

Question 8

Who is Ernest Duchesne?

Answer 8

. Ernest Duchesne is a German-born British chemist who also worked with Howard Florey to grow and purify enough penicillin to be used by patients

. He was also a part of the most important experiment where 8 mice were infected with streptococci bacteria which left 4 mice alive

. Because of this experiment, this led them to trial the penicillin on their first patient

Question 9

What is the function of penicillin?

Answer 9

The function of penicillin is to treat people with a bacterial infection.

Question 10

Germ theory

Answer 10

The theory that diseases are caused by microbes called germs.

Question 11

Carcinogenic

Answer 11

(a substance that) has the potential to cause cancer

Question 12

Emphysema

Answer 12

A respiratory condition caused by damage to the alveoli. It can result in a chronic cough and difficulty breathing.

Question 13

What is asthma?

Answer 13

A respiratory condition that causes the airways to narrow or produce extra mucus

Question 14

How much does asthma affect the Australian population?

Answer 14

It affects 1 in 10 Australians

Question 15

How does asthma usually start?

Answer 15

. Usually starts when something in the environment irritates the airways

. This causes the bronchi and bronchioles to narrow, making it harder to breathe

Question 16

What did Barry Marshall and Robin Warren noticed about stomach ulcers?

Answer 16

. In the early 1980s, they noticed that patients who had symptoms of a stomach ulcer also had the bacterium Helicobacter Pylori in their stomach

. They did some experiments to show that the bacteria caused damaged to the cells lining in the stomach

Question 17

What was something one of the scientists do which was considered controversial?

Answer 17

. Barry Marshall swallowed a solution that contained the bacteria which gave him stomach ulcers

. However, their discovery meant that the ulcers could be treated by antibiotics

. In 2005, they were both awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

Question 18

What is the difference between Asthma, Emphysema, Lung cancer and coronary heart disease?

Answer 18

Asthma

. A respiratory condition that causes the airways to narrow or produce more mucus
. Usually starts when something in the environment irritates the airways
. Which causes the bronchi and bronchioles to narrow making it harder to breathe

Emphysema

. A respiratory condition that is caused by damage to the alveoli
. It can result into chronic cough and difficulty breathing

Lung Cancer

. A type of cancer that occurs in the lungs
. Most cases are linked to smoking because the cigarette smoke contains toxic carcinogenic chemicals and tar which can stop oxygen from moving into the blood
. It can also cause emphysema

Coronary heart Disease

. Causes heart attack
. Occurs when fatty deposits block important blood vessels in the heart, which restricts blood flow

Question 19

What is Atherosclerosis?

Answer 19

Atherosclerosis is a disease when the blood vessels harden and narrow. It can occur anywhere in the body and the narrowing is caused by a build-up of plaque on the inside of the arteries and veins.

Question 20

How can Atherosclerosis be treated?

Answer 20

Atherosclerosis can be treated by medication or surgery by using a stent to widen the blood vessels.

Question 21

Describe how a pacemaker works

Answer 21

A pacemaker is a small battery-operated computer that is connected to the heart during surgery. It works by performing the same function as the sinus node. When the sinus node is damaged, the pacemaker can help people with heart conditions to live longer and healthier.

Question 22

Artificial Organ

Answer 22

A device or tissue develop to replicate the function of a real organ