Science Test T3 W10 Flashcards
What did Louis Pasteur do?
Louis Pasteur conducted an experiment that proved that disease wasn’t a natural occurrence and created the germ theory in 1862
What did John Snow do?
. In 1854, John Snow realised something important about the cholera outbreak around drinking wells in London and discovered that the drinking water was contaminated by the sewage
. Because of this, this helped scientists to link the disease to a specific bacterial pathogen
What was Ignaz Semmelweis known for?
. He was known for founding the science of hand washing ( in 1846)
How did Ignaz Semmelweis discovered it?
. He noticed that medical students often deliver babies after conducting surgery or preforming autopsies on corpses which lead to more women dying
. So, he told all medical staff to wash their hands with a chlorine solution because it got rid of the smell of corpses. Suddenly, the number of deaths dropped
Who is Alexander Flemming?
Alexander Flemming is a Scottish physician who helped with the discovery of the drug penicillin.
What did Alexander Flemming do?
. Alexander was trying to grow bacteria as part of his research, but he failed to clean up his experiment and left an agar plate open. When he returned, a small spot of mould started growing in the centre of the plate, and all around the mould was a clear circle where the bacteria couldn’t grow.
. A tear from his eye contained lysozyme prevented the bacterial growth also
. He then concluded that the mould was producing a molecule (Penicillin) that was able to prevent bacterial growth by preventing the bacteria from repairing or making a new cell wall
Who is Howard Florey
. Howard Florey is an Australian pathologist that was able to grow and purify enough penicillin to be used by patients
. He was also a part of the most important experiment where 8 mice were infected with streptococci bacteria which left 4 mice alive
. Because of this experiment, this led them to trial the penicillin on their first patient
Who is Ernest Duchesne?
. Ernest Duchesne is a German-born British chemist who also worked with Howard Florey to grow and purify enough penicillin to be used by patients
. He was also a part of the most important experiment where 8 mice were infected with streptococci bacteria which left 4 mice alive
. Because of this experiment, this led them to trial the penicillin on their first patient
What is the function of penicillin?
The function of penicillin is to treat people with a bacterial infection.
Germ theory
The theory that diseases are caused by microbes called germs.
Carcinogenic
(a substance that) has the potential to cause cancer
Emphysema
A respiratory condition caused by damage to the alveoli. It can result in a chronic cough and difficulty breathing.
What is asthma?
A respiratory condition that causes the airways to narrow or produce extra mucus
How much does asthma affect the Australian population?
It affects 1 in 10 Australians
How does asthma usually start?
. Usually starts when something in the environment irritates the airways
. This causes the bronchi and bronchioles to narrow, making it harder to breathe
What did Barry Marshall and Robin Warren noticed about stomach ulcers?
. In the early 1980s, they noticed that patients who had symptoms of a stomach ulcer also had the bacterium Helicobacter Pylori in their stomach
. They did some experiments to show that the bacteria caused damaged to the cells lining in the stomach
What was something one of the scientists do which was considered controversial?
. Barry Marshall swallowed a solution that contained the bacteria which gave him stomach ulcers
. However, their discovery meant that the ulcers could be treated by antibiotics
. In 2005, they were both awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
What is the difference between Asthma, Emphysema, Lung cancer and coronary heart disease?
Asthma
. A respiratory condition that causes the airways to narrow or produce more mucus
. Usually starts when something in the environment irritates the airways
. Which causes the bronchi and bronchioles to narrow making it harder to breathe
Emphysema
. A respiratory condition that is caused by damage to the alveoli
. It can result into chronic cough and difficulty breathing
Lung Cancer
. A type of cancer that occurs in the lungs
. Most cases are linked to smoking because the cigarette smoke contains toxic carcinogenic chemicals and tar which can stop oxygen from moving into the blood
. It can also cause emphysema
Coronary heart Disease
. Causes heart attack
. Occurs when fatty deposits block important blood vessels in the heart, which restricts blood flow
What is Atherosclerosis?
Atherosclerosis is a disease when the blood vessels harden and narrow. It can occur anywhere in the body and the narrowing is caused by a build-up of plaque on the inside of the arteries and veins.
How can Atherosclerosis be treated?
Atherosclerosis can be treated by medication or surgery by using a stent to widen the blood vessels.
Describe how a pacemaker works
A pacemaker is a small battery-operated computer that is connected to the heart during surgery. It works by performing the same function as the sinus node. When the sinus node is damaged, the pacemaker can help people with heart conditions to live longer and healthier.
Artificial Organ
A device or tissue develop to replicate the function of a real organ
