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Science Year 8 Quiz > Glossary Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Glossary Chapter 12 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

A

A compound that is used as the source of energy for cellular activities

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2
Q

stem

A

a plant organ involved in transporting sugars, water and nutrients

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3
Q

osmosis

A

the movement of water through a selective membrane from an area of low ‘salt’ concentration to an area of high ‘salt’ concentration, occurs in root cells

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4
Q

vascular bundle

A

a group of tubes found in plant stems that carry water and nutrients around the plant

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5
Q

xylem

A

the tissue in plants that carry water from the roots to the rest of the plant

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6
Q

phloem

A

the vascular tissue found in plant stems that carry the sugars around the plant

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7
Q

gamete

A

a sex cell: in the humans it is the egg and the sperm

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8
Q

ovum

A

female gamete of flowering plants

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9
Q

stigma

A

the part of the female reproductive structure in the flowering plants; the tip of the carpel where pollen is deposited

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10
Q

ovary

A

the enlarged basal portion of the carpel that contains the ovum

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11
Q

stamen

A

male reproductive structures in a flowering plant

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12
Q

pollen

A

male gamete (sex cell) of a flowering plant

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13
Q

pollination

A

the transfer of pollen (male gamete) to a stigma (female gamete)

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14
Q

self-pollination

A

the pollination of a flower by pollen from the same flower or from another flower on the same plant

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15
Q

vegetative reproduction

A

asexual reproduction in plants where identical offspring are grown form the tissue of a parent plant

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16
Q

cross - pollination

A

the exchange of pollen and ova between different plants of the same species

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17
Q

zygote

A

the first cell of a new organism after fertilisation

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18
Q

blood

A

the liquid that circulates in the blood vessels and contains a combination of cells, cell fragments, liquid and dissolved substances

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19
Q

blood vessel

A

a tube that carries blood

20
Q

vein

A

a thin blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart

21
Q

artery

A

the thick muscular-walled blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart under pressure

22
Q

capillary

A

a blood vessel with a wall only one - cell think, allowing for substances to easily pass in and out of the blood

23
Q

metabolism

A

chemical reactions that occur in the body

24
Q

urea

A

a form of nitrogen waste product formed by the body

25
Q

nephron

A

a tiny structure in the kidneys that filter out the blood

26
Q

cartilage

A

firm, flexible connective tissue that reduces the friction between joint bones

27
Q

ligament

A

a type of connective tissue that connects to other bones

28
Q

tissue

A

a group of cells that do a similar task

29
Q

tendon

A

a type of connective tissue that connects muscle to bone

30
Q

pharynx

A

the throat that connects the mouth to the oesophagus

31
Q

trachea

A

the large tube that connects the throat to the bronchi; carries air in and out of the body

32
Q

bronchi

A

the air passage that carry air in and out of the lungs; airways

33
Q

alveoli

A

tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs

34
Q

diaphragm

A

the dome-shaped muscle that is attached to ribs and moves up and down beneath the lungs

35
Q

oestrogen

A

a hormone that promotes the development and maintenance of female characteristics of the body

36
Q

testosterone

A

a hormone that stimulates development of male secondary sexual characteristics

37
Q

ovulation

A

the release of an egg from the ovary

38
Q

foetus

A

the unborn offspring of an animal that develops from an embryo

39
Q

menstruation

A

the cycle involving the released egg and preparation of the uterus for pregnancy

40
Q

somatic cells

A

all body cells except gametes

41
Q

mitosis

A

the process of cell division to provide growth or repair

42
Q

parent cell

A

the cell from which other cells develop during cell division

43
Q

daughter cell

A

a cell that results from parent cell divison

44
Q

chromosomes

A

DNA molecules that carry genetic information

45
Q

haploid

A

(of a cell or nucleus) having a single set of unpaired chromosomes (n)

46
Q

diploid

A

(of a cell or nucleus) having a set of paired chromosomes

Science Year 8 Quiz (2 decks)

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