Glossary Chapter 12 Flashcards
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
A compound that is used as the source of energy for cellular activities
stem
a plant organ involved in transporting sugars, water and nutrients
osmosis
the movement of water through a selective membrane from an area of low ‘salt’ concentration to an area of high ‘salt’ concentration, occurs in root cells
vascular bundle
a group of tubes found in plant stems that carry water and nutrients around the plant
xylem
the tissue in plants that carry water from the roots to the rest of the plant
phloem
the vascular tissue found in plant stems that carry the sugars around the plant
gamete
a sex cell: in the humans it is the egg and the sperm
ovum
female gamete of flowering plants
stigma
the part of the female reproductive structure in the flowering plants; the tip of the carpel where pollen is deposited
ovary
the enlarged basal portion of the carpel that contains the ovum
stamen
male reproductive structures in a flowering plant
pollen
male gamete (sex cell) of a flowering plant
pollination
the transfer of pollen (male gamete) to a stigma (female gamete)
self-pollination
the pollination of a flower by pollen from the same flower or from another flower on the same plant
vegetative reproduction
asexual reproduction in plants where identical offspring are grown form the tissue of a parent plant
cross - pollination
the exchange of pollen and ova between different plants of the same species
zygote
the first cell of a new organism after fertilisation
blood
the liquid that circulates in the blood vessels and contains a combination of cells, cell fragments, liquid and dissolved substances
blood vessel
a tube that carries blood
vein
a thin blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart
artery
the thick muscular-walled blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart under pressure
capillary
a blood vessel with a wall only one - cell think, allowing for substances to easily pass in and out of the blood
metabolism
chemical reactions that occur in the body
urea
a form of nitrogen waste product formed by the body
nephron
a tiny structure in the kidneys that filter out the blood
cartilage
firm, flexible connective tissue that reduces the friction between joint bones
ligament
a type of connective tissue that connects to other bones
tissue
a group of cells that do a similar task
tendon
a type of connective tissue that connects muscle to bone
pharynx
the throat that connects the mouth to the oesophagus
trachea
the large tube that connects the throat to the bronchi; carries air in and out of the body
bronchi
the air passage that carry air in and out of the lungs; airways
alveoli
tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs
diaphragm
the dome-shaped muscle that is attached to ribs and moves up and down beneath the lungs
oestrogen
a hormone that promotes the development and maintenance of female characteristics of the body
testosterone
a hormone that stimulates development of male secondary sexual characteristics
ovulation
the release of an egg from the ovary
foetus
the unborn offspring of an animal that develops from an embryo
menstruation
the cycle involving the released egg and preparation of the uterus for pregnancy
somatic cells
all body cells except gametes
mitosis
the process of cell division to provide growth or repair
parent cell
the cell from which other cells develop during cell division
daughter cell
a cell that results from parent cell divison
chromosomes
DNA molecules that carry genetic information
haploid
(of a cell or nucleus) having a single set of unpaired chromosomes (n)
diploid
(of a cell or nucleus) having a set of paired chromosomes
