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Science! > Science Test- Plants for Food and Fiber > Flashcards

Science Test- Plants for Food and Fiber Flashcards

1
Q

What are all the parts of a seed plant?
(six answers)

A

Flower, Stem, Seed, Leaves, Cones, Roots

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2
Q

What is the point of the Flower on a plant? (two answers)

A

. Used to attracted pollinators (Bees, etc)
. Each flower has female AND male reproductive structures

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3
Q

What is the point of a Stem on a plant?
(two answers)

A

. Provides a pathway for moment of water and nutrients
. Supports the leaves and reproductive structures

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4
Q

What is the point of a Seed in a plant?
(two answers)

A

. Contains an embryo that will form a new plant
. Contains a food supply for the embryo

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5
Q

What is the point of the Leaves on a plant?
(three answers)

A

. Produces food for the plant through photosynthesis
. Takes in and releases oxygen and carbon dioxide
. Allows water to exit the plant

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6
Q

What is the point of Cones on a plant?
(two answers)

A

. Alternative structure for seeds
. Separate male and female cones for reproduction

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7
Q

What is the point of Roots on a plant?
(two answers)

A

. Absorbs water and dissovled nutrients
. Anchors the plant in the soil

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8
Q

What are the three different ways that a plant transports water?

A

Transpiration, Capillary action, and Osmosis

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9
Q

What is Transpiration?

A

Transpiration is the evaporation of water from the surface of a plant, the most common place that transpiration happens in through the leaves. When the water particles exit a plant, more water particles fill where the other one has left from.

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10
Q

What is Capillary action?

A

Capillary action is when water travels from the roots a plant to the leaves through tiny tubes in the roots and stem. Water particles are attrached to eachother however, if the tubes are small enough, the attraction between the water and the tubes is greater than the attraction between water and water. Therefore, the water moves up!

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11
Q

What is Osmosis?

A

The passive movement of water (The diffusion of water)

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12
Q

How do plants make food?

A

Plants make food through a process called Photosynthesis.

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13
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

Photosynthesis is when plants use the sun’s energy to create their own food. This occurs in the chloroplasts of the the leaves. The formula for this is CARBON DIOXIDE + SUNLIGHT+ WATER= SUGAR+ OXYGEN

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14
Q

What is Cellular Respiration?

A

Cellular Respiration is the opposite of Photosynthesis, animals use this to extract energy. The formula for this is OXYGEN + SUGAR= CARBO DIOXIDE+ ENERGY+ WATER

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15
Q

Which three processes allow water, nutrients, and waste to move around a plant?

A

Diffusion, Osmosis, and Active transport

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16
Q

What is Diffusion?

A

Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area with high concentration to an area with low concentration, this continues until the concentration of particles is the same everywhere.

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17
Q

What is Active Transport?

A

Uses energy to move substances in and out of plant cells

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18
Q

What is the life cycle of a seed plant?

A

Seed, Seedling, Adult, Pollinated, Seed

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19
Q

How do plants reproduce?

A

Plants undergo pollination which is when pollen from the male part of a plant is united with the female part of a plant

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20
Q

What are the male reproductive structures of a plant?

A

Pollen + Anther

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21
Q

What are the female reproductive structures of a plant?

A

Stigma + Ovary + Ovule

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22
Q

What if a plant doesnt have seeds?

A

If a plant does not have seeds, it will use a process called vegatative reproduction. This is when the offspring is almost identical to its parent

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23
Q

What are other forms of reproduction?

A

Runners and Rhizomes!

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24
Q

What are Rhizomes?

A

Rhizomes are underground runners ex. Asparagus

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25
Q

What are runners?

A

Runners are roots on the surface of the soil ex. strawberries

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26
Q

What about with human involvement?

A

Cutting and grafting?

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27
Q

What is cutting?

A

cutting is when a part of a plant is cut off and grown

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28
Q

what is grafting?

A

Grafting is when you attach one part of a plant to another

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29
Q

What are the two main types of roots?

A

Taproot and Fibrous

30
Q

What is a Taproot?

A

A taproot is long, deep, roots that have one main root and smaller root hairs coming off of it. This allows for the collection of nutrients deeper in the soil.
ex. carrots

31
Q

What is a Fibrous root?

A

A Fibrous root is a thick mat that gathers water at the uppers layers of the soil
ex. grass

32
Q

What are both types of stems?

A

Thick, thin

33
Q

What is a thick stem?

A

Prevents water loss to save as much water as possible
ex. Cacti

34
Q

What is a thin stem?

A

Allows for lots of water absorbtion and water loss
ex. wheat

35
Q

What are the two types of leaves?

A

Wide, spines

36
Q

What are spine leaves?

A

Acts as protection + minimal water loss through leaves
ex. cacti

37
Q

What are wide leaves?

A

Allows plant to undergo lots of photosynthesis
ex. palm trees

38
Q

What do ALL plants need?
(4 answers)

A

Light, water, nutrients, and space

39
Q

What is an example of a plant which needs minimal light?

A

Fern

40
Q

What is an example of a plant which needs lots of light?

A

Marigold

41
Q

What is an example of a plant which needs little water?

A

Cacti

42
Q

What is an example of a plant which needs lots of water

A

Palm trees

43
Q

What are the main nutrients that plants need?
(5 answers)

A

Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potassium, Calcium, and Magnesium

44
Q

What do plants provide?
(4 answers)

A

Oxygen, Food, shelter, and build + protect soil

45
Q

What else do plants do?
(6 answers)

A

Clean and filter water through osmosis + Regulate the storage of water + Prevent soil erosion + Medicine + Fuel + Transportation

46
Q

What is soil?

A

Soil is more than just dirt! It is composed of nutrients and water. Types of soil can be varied in different places

47
Q

What are the gaps in soil? And why do they matter?

A

The gaps in soil are called pores and they contain either air or water. The pores make spaces in the soil allowing water to travel fast though the soil.

48
Q

What is humus?

A

Humus is broken down dead animals and plants.

49
Q

What are the 3 types of soil?

A

Loam. Sandy, Clay

50
Q

What are the characteristics of loam soil?

A

Loam soil is crumbly like a moist cake, forms a loose ball when squeezed, dark brown or black, Has balance of organic materials

51
Q

What are the characteristics of sandy soil?

A

Runs between your fingers, very few lumps, light brown, little to no nutrients, little humus

52
Q

What are the characteristics of clay soil?

A

Slippery and moist, color determined by the minerals in the soils, sticks together, lots of nutrients, little humus, no air in pores, little can grow

53
Q

How do humans fix the problem of not enough nutrients in the soil?

A

fertilizers, irrigation, clear land, and crop rotations

54
Q

What are fertilizers? And how do they help/hurt the soil?

A

There are two main types of fertilizers chemical and natural. if the amount of Fertilizer is not carefully measured, it can harm the plants more than help them. Unused fertilizers can end up in waterways and pollute the environment

55
Q

What is irrigation and how does it help/harm?

A

Irrigation is used in places with little rainfall or rainfall at the wrong times. Requires careful planning because if too much water added, pores will fill up with water and become clay. Can also cause salts to enter the soil by bringing salt to the surface

56
Q

What is clearing land and how does it help/harm?

A

Before you plant crops, you have to clear land, this involves clearing the plant cover and plowing what remains. This needs to be done carefully because if done wrong, soil can be blown or washed away.

57
Q

What are crop rotations? How do they help/harm?

A

Crop rotations is when you switch what crops you plant in which fields allowing nutrients to stay in the soil for a longer period of time.

58
Q

What is the yield of a plant?

A

The yield of a plant is the useful part of a plant per plant

59
Q

What is an artificial environment?

A

An area that humans have built nd can control the growing condition
ex: light, temp, nutrients
ex. greenhouse

60
Q

What are hydroponics?

A

A type of artificial soil environment. Roots are buried in gravel, coarse sand.
Nutrient rich water is pumped into the soil

61
Q

What is selective breeding?

A

A species or group of organisms that have similar traits that reproduce with eachother.
Some of these traits are more desirble than others. Called gentle engineering
ex. Higher yield, grow faster, etc

62
Q

What’s the problem with this?

A

New vartients of plants can cause new problems. May require fertilizers and special treatment. Can be expensive for the farmer. ex. canola- it has been modified to resist insects and herbicides. what if it breeds with a weed?

63
Q

What are pests and why do farmers not like them?

A

Organisms that interfere with the growth of commercial crops. They reduce the yield of those crops

64
Q

What are the three main ways that farmers keep pests away?

A

Herbicides, Pesticides, and Biological control

65
Q

What are Herbicides?
(Advantages + Disadvantages)

A

A chemical used to kill plants, typically weeds.
Advantages: Higher yield in a crop
Disadvantages: cause less fertile soil, reducing future yields. Creates a toxic environment for living organisms. Weeds can become resistant to Herbicides

66
Q

What are pesticides?

A

Subtances used to kill insects.
Protects crops from harmful insects.
Helps increase yield.
Be careful not to harm environment
Can still be on food when we eat it

67
Q

What is Biological Control?

A

Using predators to keep down pest population.
Not useful on large outbreaks of pests

68
Q

What are unintended consequences?

A

Something you didnt predict would happen from what you did
ex. When forests are logged, humans have built roads to bring equipment in. Roads become easy travel for wildlife and predators like wolves and bears start to use them. Now the area is less sercure for prey like deer

69
Q

What is monoculture?
and what are the unintended consequences?

A

When a field of area grows just one variety of plant.
cut down on farming costs
makes harvesting easier
unintended consequences:
Pests now have a big supply of their fav food
pest population exploding
reduces biodiversity

70
Q

What is sustainable management?

A

When we manage plant resources in a way they can be continued

71
Q

What are some economic and social effects?
(4 answers)

A

Rotating crops reduces loss of nutrients in the soil
Helps keep soil healthy
provides jobs
people can live in the area

Science! (2 decks)

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