Science Test - Genetics, Meiosis, Mitosis, and Reproduction Flashcards
What is Asexual Reproduction?
Reproduction with only one parent. Offspring = Identical to parents.
What are the three types of reproduction?
Vegetative Reproduction, Binary Fission, and Budding
Explain Vegetative Reproduction
This reproduction only happens in plants. New offspring are formed without seeds or spores.
What is a Gene?
A segment of DNA
Explain Budding
an organism grows and “buds” off a new organism. A new organism splits off from the preexisting ones.
What is Sexual Reproduction?
Reproduction with two parents. Male gamete and Female gamete meet to create a new Zygote cell.
*What is Variation?
Diversity in genes, (different phenotypes)
*What is Crossing Over?
When chromosomes swap genetic material. Makes unique DNA combinations
What is DNA?
DNA contains our genetic makeup. Carries all the important info to make the living thing function
*What is DNA Replication
The process where a molecule of DNA is replicated for cell division.
What is a cell?
The smallest unit that can live on its own and makes up all living organisms and the tissues of the body.
What is a Hybrid?
A combination of two different alleles. (Two of the same is pure)
*What is a Gamete (Female)?
Egg/Ovum
*What is a Gamete (Male)?
Sperm
What is Cytokinesis as it relates to Meiosis?
X chromosomes need more cytoplasm. (Female gametes)
What is an Ovum?
A female gamete
Differences between Mitosis and Meiosis
One divides the nucleus and chromosomes and focuses on making more cells. One reduces the chromosomes. Mitosis finishes with 46 chromosomes while Meiosis finishes with 23.
What is Homozygous?
Having two identical alleles of a gene
What are Sex Cells (Gametes)?
An organisims reproductive cells.
What are Alleles?
One of two or more versions of a gene.
*What is a Dominant Allele?
An allele that will always power through no matter the pairing. (Shows Phenotype)
*What is a Recessive Allele?
An allele that will only show through if it is paired with another recessive allele.
What is Genetics?
A branch of biology that deals with the passing of traits and variation in organisms
*What is Homozygous?
Having two identical alleles of a gene
*What is a Phenotype?
The physically expressed traits.
What is Heredity?
When characteristics are passed on from parents to offspring
*What is an Ovum?
A female gamete
*What is a Zygote cell?
A fertilized egg cell resulting from the fusion of the male gamete (sperm) and a female gamete (egg/ovum)
*What is a Somatic cell?
Non-sex cell
Explain Binary Fission
Asexual reproduction by a separation of the body into two new bodies
