Science Test - Genetics, Meiosis, Mitosis, and Reproduction

Question 1

What is Asexual Reproduction?

Answer 1

Reproduction with only one parent. Offspring = Identical to parents.

Question 2

What are the three types of reproduction?

Answer 2

Vegetative Reproduction, Binary Fission, and Budding

Question 3

Explain Vegetative Reproduction

Answer 3

This reproduction only happens in plants. New offspring are formed without seeds or spores.

Question 4

What is a Gene?

Answer 4

A segment of DNA

Question 5

Explain Budding

Answer 5

an organism grows and “buds” off a new organism. A new organism splits off from the preexisting ones.

Question 6

What is Sexual Reproduction?

Answer 6

Reproduction with two parents. Male gamete and Female gamete meet to create a new Zygote cell.

Question 7

*What is Variation?

Answer 7

Diversity in genes, (different phenotypes)

Question 8

*What is Crossing Over?

Answer 8

When chromosomes swap genetic material. Makes unique DNA combinations

Question 9

What is DNA?

Answer 9

DNA contains our genetic makeup. Carries all the important info to make the living thing function

Question 10

*What is DNA Replication

Answer 10

The process where a molecule of DNA is replicated for cell division.

Question 11

What is a cell?

Answer 11

The smallest unit that can live on its own and makes up all living organisms and the tissues of the body.

Question 12

What is a Hybrid?

Answer 12

A combination of two different alleles. (Two of the same is pure)

Question 13

*What is a Gamete (Female)?

Answer 13

Egg/Ovum

Question 14

*What is a Gamete (Male)?

Answer 14

Sperm

Question 15

What is Cytokinesis as it relates to Meiosis?

Answer 15

X chromosomes need more cytoplasm. (Female gametes)

Question 16

What is an Ovum?

Answer 16

A female gamete

Question 17

Differences between Mitosis and Meiosis

Answer 17

One divides the nucleus and chromosomes and focuses on making more cells. One reduces the chromosomes. Mitosis finishes with 46 chromosomes while Meiosis finishes with 23.

Question 18

What is Homozygous?

Answer 18

Having two identical alleles of a gene

Question 19

What are Sex Cells (Gametes)?

Answer 19

An organisims reproductive cells.

Question 20

What are Alleles?

Answer 20

One of two or more versions of a gene.

Question 21

*What is a Dominant Allele?

Answer 21

An allele that will always power through no matter the pairing. (Shows Phenotype)

Question 22

*What is a Recessive Allele?

Answer 22

An allele that will only show through if it is paired with another recessive allele.

Question 23

What is Genetics?

Answer 23

A branch of biology that deals with the passing of traits and variation in organisms

Question 24

*What is Homozygous?

Answer 24

Having two identical alleles of a gene

Question 25

*What is a Phenotype?

Answer 25

The physically expressed traits.

Question 26

What is Heredity?

Answer 26

When characteristics are passed on from parents to offspring

Question 27

*What is an Ovum?

Answer 27

A female gamete

Question 28

*What is a Zygote cell?

Answer 28

A fertilized egg cell resulting from the fusion of the male gamete (sperm) and a female gamete (egg/ovum)

Question 29

*What is a Somatic cell?

Answer 29

Non-sex cell

Question 30

Explain Binary Fission

Answer 30

Asexual reproduction by a separation of the body into two new bodies