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Science test chemistry part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between a group and a period?

A

-Group: vertical on the periodic table, elements with similar chemical properties

-Period: horizontal on the periodic table, same amount of electron shells, elements with different chemical properties

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2
Q

What are valence electrons?

A

The number of valence electrons is equal to the atom’s main group number

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3
Q

Properties of alkali metals are…

A

high thermal and electrical conductivity, lustre, ductility, and malleability

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4
Q

Properties of Alkaline Earth metals are…

A

low densities, melting points and boiling points,

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5
Q

Properties of Halogens are…

A

low melting and boiling points, and are sparingly soluble in water

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6
Q

Properties of Noble gases are…

A

colorless, odorless, tasteless, and non-flammable under standard conditions

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7
Q

Why are alkali metals more reactive than alkaline earth metals?

A

alkali metals have just one valence electron and this makes atoms more reactive

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8
Q

What is the difference between metals, non-metals, and metalloid in terms of properties?

A

metals are good at conducting energy, non-metals aren’t, and metalloids in the middle of that, not as good as conducting as metal but better than non-metal

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9
Q

How do you know which is the atomic mass and which is the atomic number?

A

The atomic number is in the left top corner of an element, and the atomic mass in the bottom of element, sometimes with decimals.

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10
Q

What did democritus do?

A

developer of atomic theory of the universe

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11
Q

What did dalton do?

A

introducing the atomic theory into chemistry

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12
Q

What did Tompson do?

A

discovered the electron

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13
Q

What did Rutherford do?

A

discovered alpha and beta rays

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14
Q

What did Chadwick do?

A

discovered the neutron

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15
Q

What did Bohr do?

A

made the model of an atom

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16
Q

which has smallest mass? proton, neutron, electron?

A

electron

17
Q

which is uncharged? proton, neutron, electron?

A

neutron

18
Q

which is found outside the nucleus? proton, neutron, electron?

A

electrons

19
Q

which two have almost the same mass? proton, neutron, electron?

A

protons and neutrons

20
Q

what is an isotope?

A

Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

21
Q

what is an ion?

A

an atom or group of atoms that has an electric charge

22
Q

what is an element?

A

a substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance

23
Q

what is the difference between cation and anion?

A

Anion- negatively charged, non-metals
Cation- positively charged, metals

24
Q

which elements form ionic compounds?

A

elements that are metals and elements that are nonmetals
[example: calcium (Ca) and Chlorine (Cl)]

25
Q

which elements form molecular compounds?

A

two or more nonmetal atoms [example: Hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O)]

26
Q

which elements are metals? which are non-metals?

A

Metals: Lithium, Beryllium, Sodium, magnesium, Aluminum, Potassium, and calcium
Non-Metals: Hydrogen, Helium, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine, Neon, Phosphorous, Sulphur, Chlorine, and Argon

27
Q

what is an atom?

A

The smallest part of a substance that cannot be broken down chemically

28
Q

which elements are metalloids?

A

boron, silicon

29
Q

What are the properties of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids?

A

Metals: Most metals have a shiny metallic luster and reflective surface. Nonmetals: Nonmetals are generally dull or nonreflective and do not have a metallic luster. Metalloids: Metalloids can have a metallic or nonmetallic appearance, depending on the element

30
Q

What are the names of Groups1, 2, 17 ,and18

A

Group 1: The Alkali Metals.
Group 2: The Alkaline Earth Metals.
Group 17: The Halogens.
Group 18: The Noble Gases.

31
Q

What are the different models of atoms?

A

Billiard Ballmodel, Plum Pudding model, Planetary model, Bohr-Rutherford model

32
Q

How does an isotope differ from a neutral atom?

A

Neutral atoms have the same number of electrons and protons. Atoms of an element that contain different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes.

33
Q

How many valence electrons are there in Groups1,2,13,14,15,16,17,18?

A

Group 1: 1
Group 2: 2
Group 13: 3
Group 14: 4
Group 18: 8

34
Q

What is the difference between an ionic and covalent bond?

A

Covalent bonds share electrons and ionic bonds donate electrons

35
Q

How do you name ionic compounds?

A

with the cation first and the anion last

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