Science Test (Chem.2)

Question 1

Define nutrient

Answer 1

Any chemical in food you need to survive

Question 2

What are carbohydrates?

Answer 2

Starches and sugars

Question 3

How do cells use carbohydrates?

Answer 3

They use carbohydrates for energy

Question 4

What are the characteristics of carbohydrates?

Answer 4

Elements-CHO, polar, Ratio of 2 H:1 O

Question 5

Define/identify monosaccharides and give examples

Answer 5

Glucose and only have one ring (sugar unit)

Question 6

Define/identify disaccharides and give examples

Answer 6

Sucrose, Fructose, and Lactose. Have 2 rings (sugar unit)

Question 7

Know how monosaccharides bond to form disaccharides and polysaccharides

Answer 7

Remove water

Question 8

Define/identify polysaccharides and give examples

Answer 8

Starch. Has 10 or more rings (sugar units)

Question 9

What food contains carbohydrates?

Answer 9

Plants (fruit and bread)

Question 10

What reagent tests for sugar and starches?

Answer 10

Benedict solution tests for sugar and Iodine tests for starch

Question 11

What are lipids?

Answer 11

Fats, oils, and waxes

Question 12

How do cells use lipids?

Answer 12

Energy storage, cushioning organs, and insulation

Question 13

What are the characteristics of lipids?

Answer 13

Elements-CHO, non polar, not 1H: 1 O

Question 14

What makes up a fat molecule and how does and how they bond?

Answer 14

A fat molecule is made of 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids and it bonds by removing water (H2O)

Question 15

What is the difference between saturated fats and unsaturated fats, which are solid at room temperature, which ones are made by plants or animals, and which one leads to high blood cholesterol.

Answer 15

Saturated fats are fats (solid at room temperature) and unsaturated fats are oils (liquids at room temperature). Saturated fats are made by animals and can lead to high blood cholesterol and unsaturated fats are made by plants.

Question 16

Which foods contain lipids?

Answer 16

Butter and milk

Question 17

How do you test for lipids?

Answer 17

You put the substance on paper, and if there is a translucent spot, it is a lipid.

Question 18

How do cells use proteins?

Answer 18

Cells use protein to grow, for muscle, repair in the body, enzymes, and protein is the building block of life.

Question 19

What makes up a protein molecule and how do they bond?

Answer 19

A protein molecule is made up of amino acids bonded together. Protein cells bond by removing water (H2O).

Question 20

What determines the protein type?

Answer 20

The order of amino acids

Question 21

What foods contain protein?

Answer 21

Animal products, nuts, beans, tofu, etc.

Question 22

What reagent tests for protein?

Answer 22

Biuret solution

Question 23

What is a vitamin?

Answer 23

Compounds that act as co-enzymes

Question 24

What is the difference between fat soluble and water soluble vitamins and what are some examples? Which can be stored in the body?

Answer 24

Fat soluble vitamins are _________ and water soluble vitamins are_________. Examples include _________. Fat soluble vitamins can be stored in the body because they are stored in fat and not washed away/dissolved like water soluble vitamins. Vitamins B and C are water soluble, but the rest are fat soluble and are stored in the body.

Question 25

What is a mineral?

Answer 25

An inorganic element

Question 26

What is one example of a mineral?

Answer 26

Calcium

Question 27

What is the function of water in the human body?

Answer 27

Water transports, dissolves, keeps you cool, and most chemical reactions need water.

Question 28

What percent water is the human body?

Answer 28

70% (for the test. It’s more like 66%, though)

Question 29

What is a calorie?

Answer 29

A unit of energy (amount of energy needed to raise 1 gram of water to 1 degrees celsius).

Question 30

How do you calculate calories?

Answer 30

Subtract the beginning temperature from the ending temperature and times that by the amount/weight of the substance.