Science Test (Chem.2) Flashcards
Define nutrient
Any chemical in food you need to survive
What are carbohydrates?
Starches and sugars
How do cells use carbohydrates?
They use carbohydrates for energy
What are the characteristics of carbohydrates?
Elements-CHO, polar, Ratio of 2 H:1 O
Define/identify monosaccharides and give examples
Glucose and only have one ring (sugar unit)
Define/identify disaccharides and give examples
Sucrose, Fructose, and Lactose. Have 2 rings (sugar unit)
Know how monosaccharides bond to form disaccharides and polysaccharides
Remove water
Define/identify polysaccharides and give examples
Starch. Has 10 or more rings (sugar units)
What food contains carbohydrates?
Plants (fruit and bread)
What reagent tests for sugar and starches?
Benedict solution tests for sugar and Iodine tests for starch
What are lipids?
Fats, oils, and waxes
How do cells use lipids?
Energy storage, cushioning organs, and insulation
What are the characteristics of lipids?
Elements-CHO, non polar, not 1H: 1 O
What makes up a fat molecule and how does and how they bond?
A fat molecule is made of 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids and it bonds by removing water (H2O)
What is the difference between saturated fats and unsaturated fats, which are solid at room temperature, which ones are made by plants or animals, and which one leads to high blood cholesterol.
Saturated fats are fats (solid at room temperature) and unsaturated fats are oils (liquids at room temperature). Saturated fats are made by animals and can lead to high blood cholesterol and unsaturated fats are made by plants.
Which foods contain lipids?
Butter and milk
How do you test for lipids?
You put the substance on paper, and if there is a translucent spot, it is a lipid.
How do cells use proteins?
Cells use protein to grow, for muscle, repair in the body, enzymes, and protein is the building block of life.
What makes up a protein molecule and how do they bond?
A protein molecule is made up of amino acids bonded together. Protein cells bond by removing water (H2O).
What determines the protein type?
The order of amino acids
What foods contain protein?
Animal products, nuts, beans, tofu, etc.
What reagent tests for protein?
Biuret solution
What is a vitamin?
Compounds that act as co-enzymes
What is the difference between fat soluble and water soluble vitamins and what are some examples? Which can be stored in the body?
Fat soluble vitamins are _________ and water soluble vitamins are_________. Examples include _________. Fat soluble vitamins can be stored in the body because they are stored in fat and not washed away/dissolved like water soluble vitamins. Vitamins B and C are water soluble, but the rest are fat soluble and are stored in the body.
