Science Test (Chem.1) Flashcards
Define matter
Matter is anything that has a mass and a volume
What are the different states of matter and their characteristics?
Solid (not able to change shape or volume, Liquid (able to change shape, not volume) and Gas (able to change shape and volume)
What is the kinetic theory of matter
The theory that all matter is made up of small particles that are in random motion and have space between them
What determines the state of matter?
The amount of energy in molecules of matter
Define thermal expansion
Thermal expansion is when an object shrinks or grows because of its temperature. When an object is cold, it’s molecules move around less so it shrinks because they get close together. When an object is hot, the molecules move around a lot, spreading out and making the object larger.
Define atom, element, compound
Atom(a particle of matter that defines a chemical element), Element (a pure substance that is made from a single type of atom), and Compound (a material formed by the chemical bonding of two or more chemical elements)
Give examples of elements and compounds
Compound: H₂O, CO₂ (two capital letters)
Elements: He, Na, Fe (one capital letter
Define and know the locations and charges of protons, neutrons, and electrons
Protons (a particle that has a positive electrical charge. Located in the nucleus of an atom)
Neutrons (a particle with a neutral charge. Located in the nucleus of an atom)
Electrons (a particle that has a negative electrical charge. Located in the energy levels of an atom)
Know the masses and units of protons, neutrons, and electrons
Units is in amu (atomic mass units)
Define atomic number, atomic mass, and valence electrons
Atomic number (the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the chemical properties of an element and its place in the periodic table), Atomic mass (the quantity of matter contained in an atom of an element), and valence electrons (The electrons in an atom’s outermost electron shell)
Know where most of the mass of an atom is located
The nucleas
Know the number of electrons each energy level can hold
The first energy level can hold two electrons, the second energy level can hold eight, and the third can hold eighteen
Define isotopes
Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
Know how to draw atoms (with energy levels and electron dot diagrams) /d/17sC_3nJX9d1Le-9qWf09PvSxw3n9IP7twFcwLxeb2t8/viewer
https://jamboard.google.com/d/17sC_3nJX9d1Le-9qWf09PvSxw3n9IP7twFcwLxeb2t8/viewer
Define chemical formula, molecule
Chemical formula (an expression that shows the elements in a compound and the relative proportions of those elements), molecule (a group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical)
Know why atoms bond
The atoms are trying to reach the stable (lowest-energy) state they can find
Be able to identify a stable atom
A stable atom has 8 valence electrons
Ionic bonds:
a) metals give electrons to nonmetals (shifting of electrons
b) strong and conduct electricity in water
c) Know how the gaining or losing of electrons effect the charge of an atom (lose negatively charged) ex. Mg is an ion that lost 2 electrons
Define positive ion and negative ion
Positive ion (Any atom or group of atoms that have a deficiency of electrons on it), Negative ion (An atomic or molecular system having an excess of negative charge)
Covalent bonds:
Nonmetals share electrons with nonmetals
How do you find the number of protons in an element?
The number of protons is equal to the atomic number of the element
How do you find the number of neutrons in an element?
subtracting the atomic number from the atomic mass
How do you find the number of electrons in an element?
If it is a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the proton number. If the ion is positively charged, the number of electrons is found by subtracting the charge number from the proton number. If the ion is negatively charged, the number of electrons is found by adding the charge number to the proton number.
