Science Test (Chem.1)

Question 1

Define matter

Answer 1

Matter is anything that has a mass and a volume

Question 2

What are the different states of matter and their characteristics?

Answer 2

Solid (not able to change shape or volume, Liquid (able to change shape, not volume) and Gas (able to change shape and volume)

Question 3

What is the kinetic theory of matter

Answer 3

The theory that all matter is made up of small particles that are in random motion and have space between them

Question 4

What determines the state of matter?

Answer 4

The amount of energy in molecules of matter

Question 5

Define thermal expansion

Answer 5

Thermal expansion is when an object shrinks or grows because of its temperature. When an object is cold, it’s molecules move around less so it shrinks because they get close together. When an object is hot, the molecules move around a lot, spreading out and making the object larger.

Question 6

Define atom, element, compound

Answer 6

Atom(a particle of matter that defines a chemical element), Element (a pure substance that is made from a single type of atom), and Compound (a material formed by the chemical bonding of two or more chemical elements)

Question 7

Give examples of elements and compounds

Answer 7

Compound: H₂O, CO₂ (two capital letters)
Elements: He, Na, Fe (one capital letter

Question 8

Define and know the locations and charges of protons, neutrons, and electrons

Answer 8

Protons (a particle that has a positive electrical charge. Located in the nucleus of an atom)
Neutrons (a particle with a neutral charge. Located in the nucleus of an atom)
Electrons (a particle that has a negative electrical charge. Located in the energy levels of an atom)

Question 9

Know the masses and units of protons, neutrons, and electrons

Answer 9

Units is in amu (atomic mass units)

Question 10

Define atomic number, atomic mass, and valence electrons

Answer 10

Atomic number (the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the chemical properties of an element and its place in the periodic table), Atomic mass (the quantity of matter contained in an atom of an element), and valence electrons (The electrons in an atom’s outermost electron shell)

Question 11

Know where most of the mass of an atom is located

Answer 11

The nucleas

Question 12

Know the number of electrons each energy level can hold

Answer 12

The first energy level can hold two electrons, the second energy level can hold eight, and the third can hold eighteen

Question 13

Define isotopes

Answer 13

Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

Question 14

Know how to draw atoms (with energy levels and electron dot diagrams) /d/17sC_3nJX9d1Le-9qWf09PvSxw3n9IP7twFcwLxeb2t8/viewer

Answer 14

https://jamboard.google.com/d/17sC_3nJX9d1Le-9qWf09PvSxw3n9IP7twFcwLxeb2t8/viewer

Question 15

Define chemical formula, molecule

Answer 15

Chemical formula (an expression that shows the elements in a compound and the relative proportions of those elements), molecule (a group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical)

Question 16

Know why atoms bond

Answer 16

The atoms are trying to reach the stable (lowest-energy) state they can find

Question 17

Be able to identify a stable atom

Answer 17

A stable atom has 8 valence electrons

Question 18

Ionic bonds:

Answer 18

a) metals give electrons to nonmetals (shifting of electrons
b) strong and conduct electricity in water
c) Know how the gaining or losing of electrons effect the charge of an atom (lose negatively charged) ex. Mg is an ion that lost 2 electrons

Question 19

Define positive ion and negative ion

Answer 19

Positive ion (Any atom or group of atoms that have a deficiency of electrons on it), Negative ion (An atomic or molecular system having an excess of negative charge)

Question 20

Covalent bonds:

Answer 20

Nonmetals share electrons with nonmetals

Question 21

How do you find the number of protons in an element?

Answer 21

The number of protons is equal to the atomic number of the element

Question 22

How do you find the number of neutrons in an element?

Answer 22

subtracting the atomic number from the atomic mass

Question 23

How do you find the number of electrons in an element?

Answer 23

If it is a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the proton number. If the ion is positively charged, the number of electrons is found by subtracting the charge number from the proton number. If the ion is negatively charged, the number of electrons is found by adding the charge number to the proton number.