Science Test AT1 Flashcards
Function of Stem
Transports water and nutrients from roots to leaves
Holds up flower
Function of Roots
Absorbs water and nurients
Function of leaves
To create photosynthasis for the plant
Creates, stores and transports glucose
Function of flowers
To carry out reproduction
Structure of stomata
Little pores surrounded by two guard cells
Function of stomata
Tiny opening allowing water, carbon dioxide and oxygen to be exchanged from plant to atmosphere
Function of chloroplast
Use energy from sun to make photosynthasis
Requirements for photosynthasis
Water, carbon dioxide, sunlight, Glucose, oxygen
Structure chloroplast
Contain green substance called chlorophyll
Process of photosynthasis
Chlorophyll uses energy from sun to mix carbon dioxide and water together making glucose. Plants also release oxygen for us
Structure of petals
Modified leafy structure, often bright coloured
Structure sepal
-Outermost part of flower
-Small leaves directly under flower
Function sepal
Protect flower bud during development
Function of Petal
To attract insects for pollination
Function of nectary
To produce nectar and attract pollinators
Structure of nectaries
Often located at the base of petals
Function of stamen
To produce pollen grains
Function of Carpel
To help production of seeds
Explain pollination
Transferring pollen grains from anther to stigma
Define Fertilisation
The fusing of a male sex cell with a female sex cell
What does a graph need?
-Title
-Axis with units
-variables on correct axis
WHat are the variables on a graph
x=IV
y-DV
x is bottom
y is side
Independent variable
What changes
Dependent variable
What you measure
Control variable
What you leave the same
Disadvantages of sexual reproduction
-Two sex cells needed
-Requires successful pollination which requires more time
-Requires more energy
Disadvantages asexual reproduction
No variation(if parent has genetic disease young also has)
Advantages sexual reproduction
Variation allows at least a few to survive climate change, disease
Advantages asexual reproduction
-Only one parent needed
-Time efficient, don’t need to wait for fertilization
-Young plants are identical to parents so good genes passed on
Fertilization process
Pollen lands on the stigma of a flower, pollen tube develops from pollen grain and grows down style into ovary. Male sex cell travels down pollen tube to ovule. Fertilisation occurs
Types of asexual reproduction
runners
cuttings
tubers
Cuttings
pieces of parent plant are removed and grown into new plants
Tubers
roots like stem tubers can undergo vegetive reproduction
Runners
grasses, strawberry and spider plants
Define asexual reprodution
Produces offspring genetically identical to parent organism
why is asexual reproduction less complex than sexual reproduction
Does not require flowers, pollinators or seed dispersal