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Body systems Flashcards

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1
Q

function of mouth

A

moistens food to swallow easier. Contains amalyse to break down starch into simple sugars

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2
Q

Function of oesophagus

A

Long tube directing food to stomach. Muscular contractions to squeeze food down.

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3
Q

Function of stomach

A

Churns, mixes and stores food, Can store food about 4 hours. Contains acid to kill bacteria

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4
Q

Function of Pancreas

A

Produces insulin to control blood glucose. Reduces effect of stomach acid on small intestine.

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5
Q

Function of Liver

A

Break down toxins in blood. Releases glucose as needed. Breakfs fat into small intestine

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6
Q

Function of Small Intestine

A

6m and hollow, it passes liquid from pancreas and bile

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7
Q

Function of Large intestine

A

Water, minerals and vitamens are absorbed into bloodstream. Undigested water and food pass into large intestine

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8
Q

Describe cellular respiration

A

The process that allows the bod to obtain energy from food

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9
Q

Mechanical digestion

A

When food is physically broken down. Like chewing with teeth

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10
Q

Chemical digestion

A

when food is broken down in chemical reactions

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11
Q

Role of enzymes

A

Enzyme attaches to food particles, speeds up chemical reaction to break down particle

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12
Q
A
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13
Q

Role of villi

A

To increase surface area of small intestine wall to help absorption of digested food

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13
Q

Why is the small intestine b so long

A

Max amount of surface area to increase digestion and nutrient absorption.

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14
Q

Function of Epiglottis

A

Allows air to pass into larynx and lungs

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15
Q

Function of Trachea

A

Transports air to and from lungs

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16
Q

Function of lungs

A

To move fresh air around bod while removing waste gases

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17
Q

Function of Bronchus

A

Carries air to and from lungs

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18
Q

Function of Bronchioles

A

Transports air deep into lungs

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19
Q

Function of alveoli

A

Transports oxygen into bloodstream, takes carbon dioxide out

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20
Q

Function of Diaphragm

A

Helps to inhale and exhale

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21
Q

Function of Rib cage

A

Helps protect organs in chest

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22
Q

Function of Nose

A

To humidify, filter and warm air

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23
Q

What air do you breathe in

A

78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% other

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24
Q

what air do you breathe out

A

78% nitrogen, 16% oxygen, 4.4% carbon dioxide

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25
Q

Two functions of respiratory system

A

to bring oxygen in and send carbon dioxide out

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26
Q

muscle movements when breathing in

A

ribs move up and out, diaphragm flattens, chest volume increases, lungs expand

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27
Q

Muscle movements when breathing out

A

ribs move in and down, diaphragm forms dome shape, chest cavity volume decreases

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28
Q

Why do you eventually have to breathe out

A

The amount of CO2 increases and it has nowhere to go which makes your reflexes breathe out

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29
Q

How is oxygen absorbed into blood

A

The oxygen in inhaled air passes across the thin lining of air sacs into blood vessels.

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30
Q

How is CO2 removed from blood

A

CO2 gets exchanged for oxygen and then the bloodstream carries the CO2 to lungs where its removed from the bloodstream and exhaled

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31
Q

Role of excretory system

A

To remove waste substances and excess substances from body

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32
Q

Main organs in excretory system

A

Lungs
Skin
Liver
kidneys
urinary system

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33
Q

how do lungs remove waste

A

Carbon dioxide waste produces by respiration from cells in body

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34
Q

how do skin remove waste

A

sweat is excretion of water and salt

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35
Q

how do liver remove waste

A

Converts excess amino acid to urea

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36
Q

how do Kidney remove waste

A

water, salt and urea

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37
Q

define excretion

A

The process of waste exiting the body via multiple body parts

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38
Q

Define elimination

A

The process of removing toxic waste from the blood, E.g. CO2

39
Q

Kidney

A

filters blood and removes excess water, salt and urea

40
Q

Nephron

A

In kidney and its responsible for regulating concentration of water

41
Q

Ureter

A

Tube that joins kidney to bladder, transports urine from kidney to bladder

42
Q

Bladder

A

Sac that collects and stores urine. Can store up to 500ml

43
Q

Ureathra

A

Tube that connects urinary bladder to outside of body, transports urine from bladder to outside body

44
Q

Role of blood

A

To carry nutrients and water around body

45
Q

Role of heart

A

To pump blood around body

46
Q

Role of blood vessels

A

to carry blood

47
Q

Role of arteries

A

carries blood away from heart (oxygenated)

48
Q

Role of capillaries

A

Very small and deliver nutrients

49
Q

Function of mouth in respiratory system

A

Brings air into lungs

50
Q

Function of eppiglottis

A

Allows air to pass into larynx and lungs

51
Q

Function of trachea

A

Transports air to and from lungs

52
Q

Function of bronchus

A

Carry air to and from lungs

53
Q

Function of bronchiole

A

Transport air deep into lungs

54
Q

Lungs

A

To move fresh air around body while removing waste gases

55
Q

Function of alveoli

A

Transport oxygen into bloodstream and take carbon dioxide out

56
Q

Diaphragm function

A

Help to inhale and exhale

57
Q

Function of rib cage

A

Helps protects organs in chest

58
Q

What makes up the muscular skeletal system

A

Muscles, bones in skeleton, joints, tendons

59
Q

Three functions of skeletal system

A

To provide support, Provide protection and allow movement

60
Q

How many bones are in the adult human body

A

206

61
Q

What are muscles made of

A

Tough and elastic fibres

62
Q

areas in the body where muscles work

A

digestive tract, heart, all over body

63
Q

How do muscles produce movement

A

They contract or shorten. Joined to bones and use as leverage points

64
Q

What controls muscle movement

A

The brain send signals to muscles through nerves

65
Q

Voluntary muscles

A

Involve active thought and usually connected to bones

66
Q

Involuntry muscles

A

Work automatically without active thought but has signals from brain

67
Q

What part of bone provides structural support

A

Compact hard bone

68
Q

Function of bone marrow

A

To make red and white blood cells and platelets

69
Q

Important minerals needed for bones

A

Calcium and magnesium

70
Q

Describe cartliage

A

Soft rubbery material to cover the end of a bone and absorbs shock between bones

71
Q

Why do bones weaken as age

A

Compact hard bone wears down and periosteum wears down

72
Q

What is oesteoporosis

A

A bone disease when bones become weak and brittle

73
Q

What causes oesteoporosis

A

Females are more likely to get it

74
Q

How to protect yourself from osteoporosis

A

Eat calcium, avoid smoking, absorb vitamin D

75
Q

Ligament

A

Ligaments are strong connective fibres joining bone to bone

76
Q

Tendon

A

Tendons are a connective tissue joining muscle to bone

77
Q

Function of synovial fluid surrounding the joint

A

Synovial fluid absorbs shock and impact between bones.

78
Q

Ball and socket

A

Allows movement and most and many directions

79
Q

Hinge

A

allows movement in one direction

80
Q

Pivot joint

A

Allows twisting type movement

81
Q

Role of excretory system

A

To remove waste substances, toxic substances and excess body substances

82
Q

Main organs in excretory system

A

Lungs, skin, liver, kidneys and urinary system

83
Q

Lungs mainly excrete

A

Carbon dioxide waste

84
Q

Skin mainly excrete

A

Sweat is excretion of salt and water

85
Q

Liver mainly excrete

A

Converts excess amino acids to urea

86
Q

Kidneys mainly excrete

A

Water, salt and urea

87
Q

Define excretion

A

the process of waste exiting the body via multiple body parts

88
Q

Define elimination

A

The process of removing toxic waste from blood e.g. CO2

89
Q

The system that supports and protects the body

A

Skeletal

90
Q

The main arterty that exits the heart

A

Aorta

91
Q

Skin, ears and kidneys examples of

A

Organs

92
Q

What does the large intestine do?

A

Absorb water from fully-digested matter

93
Q

What does the stomach do

A

Secretes hydrochloric acid to kill bacteria in food

94
Q

What does the small intestine do

A

Absorbs fully digested food into bloodstream

95
Q

How is the lower arm raised

A

The biceps contract and triceps relax

Science (4 decks)

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