Body systems Flashcards
function of mouth
moistens food to swallow easier. Contains amalyse to break down starch into simple sugars
Function of oesophagus
Long tube directing food to stomach. Muscular contractions to squeeze food down.
Function of stomach
Churns, mixes and stores food, Can store food about 4 hours. Contains acid to kill bacteria
Function of Pancreas
Produces insulin to control blood glucose. Reduces effect of stomach acid on small intestine.
Function of Liver
Break down toxins in blood. Releases glucose as needed. Breakfs fat into small intestine
Function of Small Intestine
6m and hollow, it passes liquid from pancreas and bile
Function of Large intestine
Water, minerals and vitamens are absorbed into bloodstream. Undigested water and food pass into large intestine
Describe cellular respiration
The process that allows the bod to obtain energy from food
Mechanical digestion
When food is physically broken down. Like chewing with teeth
Chemical digestion
when food is broken down in chemical reactions
Role of enzymes
Enzyme attaches to food particles, speeds up chemical reaction to break down particle
Role of villi
To increase surface area of small intestine wall to help absorption of digested food
Why is the small intestine b so long
Max amount of surface area to increase digestion and nutrient absorption.
Function of Epiglottis
Allows air to pass into larynx and lungs
Function of Trachea
Transports air to and from lungs
Function of lungs
To move fresh air around bod while removing waste gases
Function of Bronchus
Carries air to and from lungs
Function of Bronchioles
Transports air deep into lungs
Function of alveoli
Transports oxygen into bloodstream, takes carbon dioxide out
Function of Diaphragm
Helps to inhale and exhale
Function of Rib cage
Helps protect organs in chest
Function of Nose
To humidify, filter and warm air
What air do you breathe in
78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% other
what air do you breathe out
78% nitrogen, 16% oxygen, 4.4% carbon dioxide
Two functions of respiratory system
to bring oxygen in and send carbon dioxide out
muscle movements when breathing in
ribs move up and out, diaphragm flattens, chest volume increases, lungs expand
Muscle movements when breathing out
ribs move in and down, diaphragm forms dome shape, chest cavity volume decreases
Why do you eventually have to breathe out
The amount of CO2 increases and it has nowhere to go which makes your reflexes breathe out
How is oxygen absorbed into blood
The oxygen in inhaled air passes across the thin lining of air sacs into blood vessels.
How is CO2 removed from blood
CO2 gets exchanged for oxygen and then the bloodstream carries the CO2 to lungs where its removed from the bloodstream and exhaled
Role of excretory system
To remove waste substances and excess substances from body
Main organs in excretory system
Lungs
Skin
Liver
kidneys
urinary system
how do lungs remove waste
Carbon dioxide waste produces by respiration from cells in body
how do skin remove waste
sweat is excretion of water and salt
how do liver remove waste
Converts excess amino acid to urea
how do Kidney remove waste
water, salt and urea
define excretion
The process of waste exiting the body via multiple body parts
Define elimination
The process of removing toxic waste from the blood, E.g. CO2
Kidney
filters blood and removes excess water, salt and urea
Nephron
In kidney and its responsible for regulating concentration of water
Ureter
Tube that joins kidney to bladder, transports urine from kidney to bladder
Bladder
Sac that collects and stores urine. Can store up to 500ml
Ureathra
Tube that connects urinary bladder to outside of body, transports urine from bladder to outside body
Role of blood
To carry nutrients and water around body
Role of heart
To pump blood around body
Role of blood vessels
to carry blood
Role of arteries
carries blood away from heart (oxygenated)
Role of capillaries
Very small and deliver nutrients
Function of mouth in respiratory system
Brings air into lungs
Function of eppiglottis
Allows air to pass into larynx and lungs
Function of trachea
Transports air to and from lungs
Function of bronchus
Carry air to and from lungs
Function of bronchiole
Transport air deep into lungs
Lungs
To move fresh air around body while removing waste gases
Function of alveoli
Transport oxygen into bloodstream and take carbon dioxide out
Diaphragm function
Help to inhale and exhale
Function of rib cage
Helps protects organs in chest
What makes up the muscular skeletal system
Muscles, bones in skeleton, joints, tendons
Three functions of skeletal system
To provide support, Provide protection and allow movement
How many bones are in the adult human body
206
What are muscles made of
Tough and elastic fibres
areas in the body where muscles work
digestive tract, heart, all over body
How do muscles produce movement
They contract or shorten. Joined to bones and use as leverage points
What controls muscle movement
The brain send signals to muscles through nerves
Voluntary muscles
Involve active thought and usually connected to bones
Involuntry muscles
Work automatically without active thought but has signals from brain
What part of bone provides structural support
Compact hard bone
Function of bone marrow
To make red and white blood cells and platelets
Important minerals needed for bones
Calcium and magnesium
Describe cartliage
Soft rubbery material to cover the end of a bone and absorbs shock between bones
Why do bones weaken as age
Compact hard bone wears down and periosteum wears down
What is oesteoporosis
A bone disease when bones become weak and brittle
What causes oesteoporosis
Females are more likely to get it
How to protect yourself from osteoporosis
Eat calcium, avoid smoking, absorb vitamin D
Ligament
Ligaments are strong connective fibres joining bone to bone
Tendon
Tendons are a connective tissue joining muscle to bone
Function of synovial fluid surrounding the joint
Synovial fluid absorbs shock and impact between bones.
Ball and socket
Allows movement and most and many directions
Hinge
allows movement in one direction
Pivot joint
Allows twisting type movement
Role of excretory system
To remove waste substances, toxic substances and excess body substances
Main organs in excretory system
Lungs, skin, liver, kidneys and urinary system
Lungs mainly excrete
Carbon dioxide waste
Skin mainly excrete
Sweat is excretion of salt and water
Liver mainly excrete
Converts excess amino acids to urea
Kidneys mainly excrete
Water, salt and urea
Define excretion
the process of waste exiting the body via multiple body parts
Define elimination
The process of removing toxic waste from blood e.g. CO2
The system that supports and protects the body
Skeletal
The main arterty that exits the heart
Aorta
Skin, ears and kidneys examples of
Organs
What does the large intestine do?
Absorb water from fully-digested matter
What does the stomach do
Secretes hydrochloric acid to kill bacteria in food
What does the small intestine do
Absorbs fully digested food into bloodstream
How is the lower arm raised
The biceps contract and triceps relax
