Science Test 06/03/25 Flashcards
Metals and their uses and rocks.
What can rocks be used for?
Making cement, writing (chalk), building material, roofing, statues and ornaments.
What are rocks made of?
Different grains that fit together.
What are grains made of?
Grains are made from one or more chemical compounds. The compunds in rocks are called minerals.
What are interlocking rocks?
Crystals. The grains are fit together with no gaps. Rocks like this are hard and do not wear away easily.
What are porous rocks?
The grains are more rounded and there gaps in between them. Not as strong and wear away easily. They can absorb water because it can get into the gaps between the grains.
What is weathering?
A natural process that slowly breaks apart or changes rock.
Name some natural forces.
Wind, rain, heat and cold.
Define erosion.
When bits of rock and earth are carried away from their original location by natual forces.
What is transportation in this conext?
When objects are moved from one place to another.
What is geology?
Study of the earth.
Explain a process of weathering.
Water seeps into permeable rocks when it rains. At night, when it gets colder, the rain freezes and turns into ice which expands inside the rock and puches against it. During the day the ice thaws.
Weathering can also be caused by water seeping down through rocks and, over time, washing away parts of permeable rock.
How are sedimentary rocks formed?
From the compression of sediments (rocks fragments, minerals and remains of dead plants and animals).
What do sedimentary rocks contain?
Distinct grains that are ‘glued’ together by other minerals.
What are some examples of sedimentary rocks?
Sandstone, limestone, coal, shale, mudstone and chalk.
What are igneous rocks formed from?
From magma, either erupted from a volcano or cooled below ground.
Which two rocks contain crystals?
Igneous and metamorphic.
What are examples of metamorphic rocks?
Slate, marble, gneiss, soapstone and schist.
What rocks are fossils found in?
Sedimentary.
What is an ore?
A rock that contains enough of a metal or a metal compound to be worth mining. Ores are obtained by mining.
Metal + acid ->
salt + hydrogen
(e.g. sodium + nitric acid -> sodium nitrate + hydrogen)
Metal + water ->
Metal hydroxide + hydrogen
(e.g. calcium + water -> calcium hydroxide + hydrogen)
