SCIENCE TERMS 3.1

Question 1

Food

Answer 1

• Organisms need CONSUME THIS in order to PROVIDE nutritional support.
• CONTAINS ENERGY living things you need to use, live and grow.
• Carries PROTEINS, CARBS (sugars and starches), and FATS

Question 2

Calories

Answer 2

UNIT OF ENERGY, an amount of energy that is NEEDED TO PERFORM TASKS.

Question 3

Carbohydrates

Answer 3

• Made from CARBON, HYDROGEN, and OXYGEN atoms.
• Sources of ENERGY, SUGARS, which COMBINE to MAKE more complex carbs.
• Fuel source, BREAKS DOWN CARBS into GLUCOSE (main BLOOD SUGAR) for the USE OF CELLS.

Question 4

Proteins

Answer 4

• Big, complex molecules, MADE from AMINO ACIDS, and are VITAL to the STRUCTURE and FUNCTION of living organisms.
• They CATALYZE chemical reactions, PROVIDE TRANSPORT of molecules, and provide structural support to the cell.
• It’s like a cell’s “WORKHORSES”

Question 5

Fats

Answer 5

• Fats are a lipid (fatty, oily, waxy), molecule that’s made of smaller molecules.
• Fats are the most energy efficient, providing 9 calories a gram, and they are the insulation, padding for the functions of beings.

Question 6

Amino Acids

Answer 6

The molecules that make and combine to form proteins, they are the building blocks of life.

Question 7

Chemical Energy

Answer 7

The energy that is stored in the bonds of chemical compounds, and can be released during chemical reactions, sometimes in forms of heat.

Question 8

Thermal Energy

Answer 8

The energy contained in a system that is responsible for temperature. The temperature of an object increases when the molecules that make it up move faster.

Question 9

Kinetic Energy

Answer 9

The energy an object has, because of its motion. It is energy of motion or the amount of energy an object has to move around in a system.

Question 10

Metabolism

Answer 10

The chemical reactions that occur in a living organism’s ability to produce energy and other materials. They combine with oxygen, and calories to create energy fuel for the body functions.

Question 11

Isotopes

Answer 11

• Atoms with the same number of protons, but with a different number of neutrons.
• There are two types of isotopes, which are stable and unstable (aka radioactive) or radioisotopes.

Question 12

Enzymes

Answer 12

• Catalysts that are almost always proteins, and they speed up the rate of a specific chemical reaction inside the cell, accelerating chemical reactions.
• Enzymes are not destroyed during the reaction that is used over and over.

Question 13

Reactants

Answer 13

• Substances that participate in a chemical reaction, and start materials that undergo changes to form new products.
• The materials present at the beginning of a chemical reaction, changed during the reaction.

Question 14

Products

Answer 14

Products are WHATS PRODUCED IN a CHEMICAL REACTION.

Question 15

Energy

Answer 15

• Energy is the ability to do work, and cause change or exert a force that results in movement of an object.
• There are different types of energy, kinetic (motion), potential (stored), thermal (heat), electrical, light, and nuclear.

Question 16

Photosynthesis

Answer 16

• The process of plants using sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose (sugar) and oxygen.

Question 17

Cellular Respiration

Answer 17

• The process by which food and oxygen are converted to carbon dioxide and water.
• C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Chemical Energy (in ATP)

Question 18

Law of conservation of energy

Answer 18

¨Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only be transformed from one form to another.¨

Question 19

Isotopes can be tracked

Answer 19

isotopes can be tracked by creating isotopes of different increases by making more weight in one rather than the other.