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Science Topic 1 and 2 10/19/2022 > Science Terms > Flashcards

Science Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

Matter

A

Anything that has mass and takes up space.

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2
Q

Substance

A
  • A single kind of matter that is pure and has a specific set of properties.
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3
Q

Physical property

A

A characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed without changing
it into another substance.

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4
Q

Chemical property

A

A characteristic of a substance that describes its ability to change into
different substances.

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5
Q

Atom

A

The basic particle from which all elements are made;the smallest particle of an element
that has the properties of that element.

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6
Q

Element

A

A substance that contains one kind of atom and cannot be broken down into a simpler
form.

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7
Q

Molecule

A

A neutral group of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.

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8
Q

Compound

A

A substance made up of two or more elements chemically combined in a specific
ratio or proportion.

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9
Q

Mixture

A

Two or more substances that are together in the same place but their atoms are not
chemically bonded.

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10
Q

Heterogeneous mixture

A

In this, the parts of a mixture are not necessarily combined in a set ratio. The parts are easy to differentiate and separable.

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11
Q

Homogeneous mixture

A

It is difficult to see the different parts and separate them.

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12
Q

Distill

A

To separate liquids by boiling them.

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13
Q

Mass

A

A measure of how much matter is in an object(SI unit is g,kg)

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14
Q

Volume

A

The amount of space that matter occupies. Expressed in cubic meters m3, cubic
centimeters or cubic milliliters )

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15
Q

Weight

A

A measure of the force of gravity on an object.

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16
Q

Density

A

The measurement of how much mass of a substance is in a given volume.
Density=mass/volume. Density is expressed as SI unit of mass/SI unit of volume.

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17
Q

Convert

A

To show an equivalent value using a different unit of measurement.

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18
Q

Conservation

A

When nothing is lost or gained; to remain constant.

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19
Q

Tarnishing

A

is the slow combination of bright metal, such as silver, with sulfur or another
substance, which produces a dark coating on the metal.

20
Q

Oxidation

A

is the combination of a substance with oxygen,such as when iron rusts.

21
Q

Law of conservation of mass

A

Matter is neither created nor destroyed in any physical or
chemical change. This law is also called the law of conservation of matter because mass is a
measurement of matter.

22
Q

Physical change

A

A change that alters the form or appearance of a material but does not make
the material into another substance.

23
Q

Chemical change

A

A change in which one or more substances combine or break apart to form
new substances.

24
Q

Temperature

A

is a measure of how hot or cold a substance is. Temperature is related to the
motion and energy of the particles of matter.

25
Q

Thermal Energy

A

The total energy of the motion of all the particles in an object is known as
thermal energy. Thermal energy is not the same thing as temperature. Thermal energy naturally
flows from warmer matter to cooler matter. When matter changes, thermal energy is usually
released or absorbed.

26
Q

Endothermic change

A

A change in which energy is absorbed. Ex: melting of ice.

27
Q

Exothermic change

A

A change in which energy is released. Ex: combustion.

28
Q

Solid:

A

A state of matter that has definite shape and definite volume.A solid maintains its
shape and volume in any position or container.

29
Q

Types of solids:

A

crystalline solids, amorphous solids

30
Q

Crystalline solids:

A

Particles when arranged in a regular, repeating pattern, create crystals. Solids that are made up of crystals are called crystalline solids. When
crystalline solids are heated, they melt at a distinct temperature. Ex: Salt, sugar, and snow.
Amorphous solids: In amorphous solids, the particles are not arranged in a particular

31
Q

Amorphous solids:

A

In amorphous solids, the particles are not arranged in a particular pattern. Also, they don’t melt at a distinct temperature. Ex: Glass, rubber, plastic

32
Q

Liquid:

A

A state of matter that has no definite shape but definite volume.

33
Q

Surface tension:

A

The result of an inward pull among the molecules of a liquid brings the molecules on the surface closer together, causing the surface to act as if it has a thin skin.

34
Q

Viscosity:

A

A liquid’s resistance to flowing. The viscosity of a substance depends on the
size and shape of its particles and the attraction between the particles. When the
particles are large or more attracted to one another, they don’t flow freely. Liquids with
high viscosity flow slowly.
Ex: High viscosity liquid: Honey, castor oil
Low-viscosity liquid: Water, vinegar

35
Q

Gas:

A

A state of matter that has no definite shape or volume.

36
Q

Vibrate:

A

To move back and forth lightly.

37
Q

Thermal energy:

A

It is the total kinetic and potential energy of all the particles of a substance.

38
Q

Temperature:

A

a measure of how hot or cold a substance is; the measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.

39
Q

Melting point:

A

the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid; the
same as freezing point, or temperature at which a liquid changes to solid.

40
Q

Freezing point:

A

the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to
solid(freezes)

41
Q

Vaporization:

A

The change of state from a liquid to a gas.

42
Q

Boiling point:

A

the temperature at which a liquid boils.

43
Q

Evaporation:

A

the process by which molecules at the surface of a liquid absorb enough
energy to change to a gas.

44
Q

Condensation:

A

The change of state from a gas to a liquid.

45
Q

Sublimation:

A

The change in state from a solid directly to gas without passing through the
liquid state.

46
Q

Suspend:

A

To maintain a position off the ground, with unseen support.

Science Topic 1 and 2 10/19/2022 (2 decks)

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