Science Term 3 Chemistry Flashcards
Recall the names of some common lab equipment. (17)
Beaker
Conical Flask
Gauze Mat
Tripod
Bunsen Burner
Heatproof Mat
Filter Funnel
Graduated Measuring Cylinder
Watch Glass
Evaporating Disk
Test Tube
Test Tube Rack
Beaker Tongs
Spatula
Stirring Rod
Retort Stand with boss head clamp
Thermometer
What is the function of a beaker?
Measuring, transferring, mixing, heating and holding liquids.
What is the function of a conical flask?
Measuring, transferring, mixing, heating and holding liquids.
What is the function of a gauze mat?
Placed on top of a tripod underneath a Bunsen burner. Supports a container (like beaker or conical flask) while being heated. Helps to distribute heat evenly.
What is the function of a tripod?
To be placed over a Bunsen burner, supporting beaker/conical flask is placed on top, over the gauze mat.
What is the function of a Bunsen burner?
To heat substances, using a controlled and steady amount of heat.
What is the function of a Heatproof Mat?
To be put underneath a heat source (like a Bunsen burner) so you don’t damage the surface underneath.
What is the function of a Filter Funnel?
It’s used to separate solids from liquids. Also used for putting/pouring liquids into a container or piece of equipment with a fine opening.
What is the function of a Graduated Measuring Cylinder?
This is used to measure the volume of liquids very accurately.
What is the function of a Watch Glass?
Used as a lid on top of beakers, holding and weighing small amounts of substances
What is the function of an Evaporating Disk?
Used when evaporating liquids.
What is the function of a Test Tube?
Used to hold, mix and heat small amounts of substances.
What is the function of a Test Tube Rack?
Used to hold upright and stable, store and transport test tubes.
What is the function of Beaker Tongs?
Used to handle hot beakers.
What is the function of a Spatula?
Used to scrape, transfer, mix small amounts of substances.
What is the function of a Stirring Rod?
Agitates or used for stirring substances.
What is the function of a Retort Stand with boss head clamp?
Used to support other pieces of science lab equipment and glassware.
What is the function of a Thermometer?
Measuring the temperature of different substances.
Define observation
A statement made based on something someone has seen, heard, or noticed
Define inference.
A conclusion made on the basis of evidence and reasoning
What is the difference between observation and inference?
Observations are facts and objective, while inferences are educated assumptions based off observations.
What are the metric units used for measuring mass?
Volume is represented by (V) and is usually measured in millilitres, represented by mL. Eg. V = 12 mL
What are the metric units used for measuring length?
Length is represented by l and is usually measured in meters, represented by m.
Eg. L = 10 m
What are the metric units used for measuring time?
Mass is represented by m and is usually measured in kilograms, represented by kg.
Eg. m = 10 kg
What are the metric units used for measuring temperature?
Temperature is represented by ____ and is usually measured in Kelvin, represented by K. Eg. Temperature = 10 k
What are the metric units used for measuring time?
Time is represented by ____ And is usually measured in seconds, which is represented by s. Eg. Time = 10 s
How do you convert between the metric units?
(Km - m x 1000) (m - cm x 100) (cm - mm x 10)
(mm - cm / 10) (cm - m / 100) (m - Km / 1000)
What do all particles have in common?
They all experience and have attractive forces.
What are the 3 states of matter?
Solid, liquid, gas
Explain the position and motion of a solid
The arrangement of the particles is as it seems on the outside. (regular) And the particles movement is vibrating in a fixed spot.
Explain the position and motion of a liquid
The arrangement of the particles is random. And the particles move freely but remain close to each other.
Explain the position and motion of a gas
The arrangement of the particles is random. And the particles move freely, far apart at a high speed.
How do you convert between the metric units?
(Km - m x 1000) (m - cm x 100) (cm - mm x 10)
(mm - cm / 10) (cm - m / 100) (m - Km / 1000)
What are the relationships between temperature and motion of the particles?
Heat the particles = Gain energy and speed up their motion
Cool the particles = Lose energy and motion slows down
What is the behaviour and properties of a solid particle?
Incompressible
Fixed volume
Fixed shape
Solids are ridged
Cannot flow
What is the behaviour and properties of a liquid particle?
Incompressible
Fixed volume
Changeable shape
Can flow
What is the behaviour and properties of a gas particle?
Gases can change volume
can be compressed
Changeable volume and changeable shape
Can flow
How do you work out density?
The object or substance’s mass divided by its volume.
Give an example of a situation with an observation, inference, and prediction.
E.g.
O - Students are playing games.
I - They think science is boring :(
P - They won’t do well on their Science Exam.
Solid to Gas?
Sublimation, vaporisation
Solid to Liquid?
Melting
Liquid to Solid?
Freezing/solidification
Liquid to Gas?
Evaporation and boiling, vaporization.
Gas to Liquid?
Condensation
Gas to Solid?
Deposition
How do you calculate the yield percentage?
yield percentage = yield/original mass
X 100
Which state of matter is the densest?
Solid
Which state of matter has the lowest density?
Gas
Rate the 3 states of matter in highest to lowest density
(Highest density) Solid, Liquid, Gas (Lowest density)
How can you tell which state of matter is the highest and lowest density?
Density of a substance depends on the mass of the particles, and how closely spaced they are. So, because solids weigh the most, and the particles are closest together, that makes it the densest.
What happens during the phase change from a solid to a liquid to the motion and position of particles? (Melting) Heating
When you heat a substance, that particles speed up so that attractive forces can’t hold them in fixed positions.
What happens during the phase change from a liquid to a gas to the motion and position of particles? (Evaporation) Heating
The particles speed up so the attractive forces can’t keep them close together.
What happens during the phase change from a gas to a solid to the motion and position of particles? Cooling
The particles slow down so that the attractive forces can keep them close together.
What happens during the phase change from a liquid to a solid to the motion and position of particles? (solidification) cooling
The particles slow down so that attractive forces hold them in fixed positions
What doesn’t change during a phase change?
Temperature
How can you tell when a phase change is happening on a graph?
When the temperature stays the same for a little
What is a pure substance? Give an example
Made up of only one type of particle or substance.
Examples = purified water, oxygen, gold.
What is a mixture? Give an example.
2 or more substances/different particles that are mixed together without changing the chemical identity.
Examples = salad or cake
What is the difference between mixtures and pure substances?
Pure substances are made up of one particle/substance, and mixed are made up of multiple particles/substances
Define suspension
a mixture of an insoluble substance in a liquid or gas
A mixture in which particles are dispersed throughout the bulk of fluid.
Heterogenous
Can be filtered through filter paper
Particles big
Define sediment
the insoluble material that collects at the bottom of a container when suspensions are left to stand
Matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid
Define colloid
a mixture in which extremely small particles of one substance are spread evenly throughout another substance
A colloid is a mixture of tiny particles that are dispersed in another substance, water. The particles are microscopic.
looks homogenous but is Heterogenous
Particles never settle
Large particles
Define solution
A solute and a solvent = solution
A liquid mixture in which the minor component (the solute) is uniformly distributed within the major component (the solvent)
Define emulsion
a colloid where droplets of one liquid spread evenly through another
An emulsion is a colloid that is made by two or more liquids that don’t mix together.
a fine dispersion of minute droplets of one liquid in another in which it is not soluble
Define solute
a substance that is dissolved in a solvent to form a solution
Define solvent
The solvent is the liquid that the solute is being dissolved into creating the solution.
Define dilute
A solution containing a small amount of solute
A solution containing a large amount of solvent
Define concentrated
A solution containing a large amount of solute
Define homogenous
You cannot see the difference substances in the mixture (Tea)
Define heterogeneous
When you can see the different substances in a mixture (Cookie)
Define Soluble
a substance that will dissolve in a liquid (eg. salt)
Define Insoluble
a substance that will not dissolve in a liquid (eg. sand)
Define solubility
The ability to be dissolved (evenly mix with a solvent to create a solution)
Define a saturated solution
A saturated solution is a chemical solution containing the maximum concentration of a solute dissolved in the solvent. The additional solute will not dissolve in a saturated solution.
What is a common solvent
Water
In a mixture with water and salt, which is the solvent and solute
Solute = salt
Solvent = Water
Understand that experimental yield might be different to theoretical yield. Identify reasons for why this might occur
Not weighed properly, some mixture didn’t come with the rest while separating, mixture being spilt
What mixtures can be separated by filtration?
Insoluble solids and liquids
What mixtures can be separated by decanting?
2 liquids that have different densities.
What mixtures can be separated by sieving?
Mixtures with smaller particles and larger particles
What mixtures can be separated by magnetic separation?
Separate magnetic solids from a mixture of non-magnetic solids.
What mixtures can be separated by evaporation?
Soluble solid and a solvent
What mixtures can be separated by distillation?
2 liquids with different boiling points
What mixtures can be separated by chromatography?
Separating a mixture of different colours using a solvent.
What is the equipment needed for decantation? (4)
2 beakers
Glass rod
clear liquid
sediment
What is the equipment needed for filtration? (7)
Conical flask
Filter paper
Filter funnel
Beaker
Stirring rod
Filtrate
mixture with insoluble particles
What is the equipment needed for evaporation? (5)
Evaporation dish
gauze mat
tripod
bunsen burner
heatproof mat
What is the equipment needed for distillation?(9)
thermometer
condenser
conical flask
distilate
distilations flask
residue, mixture, solution
guaze mat
tripod
bunsen burner
What is the equipment needed for chromatography?
