science summer test 2024 Flashcards
what is digestion
digestion is the breakdown of large food molecules into smaller food molecules
what are the stages of digestion
ingestion,digestion,absorption,assimilation,egestion
what is ingestion
taking food into the mouth
what is absorbtion
passing digested food (now nutrients) through the small intestine and into the blood
what is assimilation
body cells take in nutrients and use them for growth and repair
what is egestion
undigested food/waste products are removed from the body
what is mechanical digestion
when food is broken up physically by teeth and muscles in the stomach
what is chemical digestion
when food is broken down by special chemicals called enzymes
what are all the types of teeth
incisors,canines,premolars,molars
what are incisors used for
chisel shaped,at front,used for cutting
what are canines used for
long and pointed,at front,used for biting
what are premolars used for
have blunt cusps,on sides,used for chewing
what are molars used for
have blunt cusps,at back,used for chewing
what are catalysts
substances that speed up a chemical reaction but are not used up in the reaction
what are enzymes
a type of biological catalyst made from proteins and found in living organisms
what is amylase
an enzyme in saliva that breaks down starch to maltose
what is the function of the oesophagus
connects mouth to stomach,food moves through in a process called peristalsis
what is the function of the stomach
stores and digests food
what is the function of the liver
produces bile
what is the function of the gallbladder
stores bile
what is the function of the pancreas
makes amylase (digests starch to maltose) and lipase (digests fats)
what is the function of the small intestine
helps to further digest food coming from the stomach
what is the function of the large intestine
absorbs water from undigested food back into the bloodstream producing faeces
what are the folds that cover the small intestine called
villi
what happens to air as it passes through the lungs
air is warmed and moistened
what is the epiglottis
a flap of tissue that sits beneath the tongue at the back of the throat,prevents food going down your airway
what is the function of the trachea
carries air to and from the lungs
what keeps the trachea from collapsing
c-shaped rings of cartilage
what is the function of the bronchi
direct air from the trachea to the lungs
where does air from the bronchi go
air from the bronchi travel to the bronchioles
where do the bronchioles carry air
the alveoli
what occurs at the alveoli
gas exchange
what happens when you breathe in
ribs expand,intercostal muscles move up and out,diaphragm moves down
what happens when you breathe out
ribs get smaller,intercostal muscles move down and in,diaphragm moves up
what does the circulatory system consist of
the heart,blood,and blood vessels
