Science Substances Sem 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Atoms

A
  • Splitting Atoms creates nuclear power and atomic bombs.
  • Smashing atoms together is where the sun gets energy from
  • Made up of protons, neutrons and electrons
    Protons and neutrons form the nucleus together
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2
Q

Metallic Metals

A

Elements that are metal. They have the following properties:
- Solids at room temperature (Except for
Hg)
- Can be made shiny or lustrous
- Conduct heat and electricity
- Can be beaten into shape or stretched into wire
Melts at very high temperatures (except for Hg)

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3
Q

Non metallic Elements

A

19 non-metals. These have the folliwing properties:
- Dull, not shiny
- Breaks or crumbles when bent
- Melts at low temperature
Do not conduct heat or electricity

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4
Q

Metalloids

A

A metalloid is a type of chemical element which has a preponderance of properties in between, or that are a mixture of, those of metals and nonmetals.

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5
Q

Alkali Metals

A

Group 1. Very reactive in water

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6
Q

Alkaline earth Metals

A

Group 2. Less reactive than alkali metals but still have all the metal properties

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7
Q

Transition Metals

A

In the block between group 2 and 13. They have metallic properties. Have many interesting properties and many form colorful compounds

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8
Q

Halogens

A

Group 17. They are very reactive. From left to right: Chlorine (gas), Bromine (liquid) and Lodine (solid)

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9
Q

Noble Gases

A

Group 18. All very unreactive but glow when exposed to electricity under special conditions

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10
Q

Monatomic Elements

A

An element that is made up of many individual atoms. Only 6 of these. Includes:
- Helium
- Neon
- Argon
- Krypton
- Xenon
- Radon

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11
Q

Molecular Elements

A

Most non-metallic elements are made up of molecules. Molecules are clusters of 2 or more atoms bonded together. In these elements, all molecules are identical.

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12
Q

Crystal Lattices

A

Are grid like structures

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13
Q

Molecular Formula

A

Molecular formulas are formulas for substances that are molecules. Other compounds that aren’t formulas for substances that are not molecules can also have formulas that represent the atoms in the compound

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14
Q

Mixtures

A

When two or more substances mix but do not form chemical bonds, it form a mixture. Air is a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide (a compound). Properties of a mixture is the same as the properties of its parts.

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15
Q

Separating compounds

A

Breaking chemical bonds. Energy needed: Electricity, extreme heat, other chemicals

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16
Q

Physical Change

A

Explains changes of state by looking at the relationship between how the particles move and attraction between the particles. Change between solids liquid and gases.

17
Q

Chemical Change

A

The key difference between a physical and chemical change is that new substances are produced during a chemical change.
Evidence:
- Solid precipitate out of solution
- An odour or bubbles or gases being released
- Light or heat being released
- A permanent change of colour
Electricity used or produced

18
Q

Colour Changes

A

This happens because the new substance produced by the chemical change is a different colour to what you started.

19
Q

Gas Produced

A

Produced during a chemical change may be observed as bubbles, a new smell or perhaps smoke

20
Q

Precipitate Forms

A

Any new solid is produced when two solutions are mixed.

21
Q

What energy is released

A

Energy plays an important role in chemical changes. Some release heat, light or both

22
Q

Energy is absorbed

A

Some chemical changes absorb heat, causing their surroundings to cool.

23
Q

Chemical Reactions

A

During chemical change, old substances disappear and new substances form. The only way this can occur is if the atoms in the old substances rearrange to form the new substances.

24
Q

Reactants

A

Old substances

25
Q

Products

A

New substances

26
Q

4 types of chemical reactions

A

Combustion, Photosynthesis, , Respiration, Corrosion

27
Q

Combustion

A

Is the term given to any chemical reaction that involves burning O2.

28
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Most biological chemical reaction. A series of chemical reactions that uses sunlight energy to convert H2O and CO2 into O2 and energy.

Carbon dioxide + Water ———– Oxygen + glucose

29
Q

Respiration

A

The process of obtaining energy from food.

30
Q

Corrosion

A

Type of reaction that can cause damage to metals.

31
Q

Flammability

A

Describes how easily a substance undergoes combustion.