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me > Science - Solutions; Acids and Bases > Flashcards

Science - Solutions; Acids and Bases Flashcards

1
Q

What is a state of matter?

A

A physical form in which a substance can exist.

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2
Q

What is a solid?

A

A state of matter that has a definite shape and volume.

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3
Q

What are the particles doing in a solid?

A

They’re all locked in close really close to each other.

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4
Q

What is a liquid?

A

A state of matter that has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container.

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5
Q

What are the particles doing in a liquid?

A

They move fast enough to overcome some of the attractions between them.

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6
Q

What is a gas?

A

A state of matter that has no definite shape or volume.

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7
Q

What are the particles doing in a gas?

A

They’re moving quickly so they can break away from one another.

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8
Q

What is a change of state?

A

The change of a substance from one physical form to another.

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9
Q

What is the definition of melting?

A

When a solid becomes a liquid by adding energy

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10
Q

What is the definition of freezing?

A

When a liquid becomes a solid by subtracting energy

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11
Q

What is the definition of evaporation?

A

The change of a substance from a liquid to a gas by adding energy

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12
Q

What is the definition of condensation?

A

The change of state from a gas to a liquid from subtracting energy

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13
Q

What is the definition of sublimation?

A

The process in which a solid changes directly into a gas.

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14
Q

What are the gas laws?

A

A group of laws that govern the behavior of gases.

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15
Q

What is Boyle’s law?

A

The relationship between the pressure and the volume of a gas

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16
Q

What is Charles’s law?

A

The relationship between volume and temperature.

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17
Q

What is Gay-Lussac’s law?

A

Gives the relationship between temperature and pressure at a constant volume.

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18
Q

What is a solution?

A

A mixture that has the same color, composition, density, and even taste throughout.

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19
Q

What is a solute?

A

The substance being dissolved.

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20
Q

What is a solvent?

A

The substance doing the dissolving.

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21
Q

Why is water considered polar?

A

Because they have a positive area and negative area.

22
Q

How do you increase the rate of dissolving?

A

By stirring the solution, adding heat to it, and grinding/grounding the solute.

23
Q

What is solubility?

A

The maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent.

24
Q

What is concentration in a solution?

A

A solution with a large amount of solute that is dissolved in the solvent.

25
Q

What is the difference between saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated?

A

Saturated solutions have the max amount of solute they can hold.
Unsaturated ones can dissolve more solute, they have more space for extra solvent in them.
Supersaturated solutions hold more solute than a saturated one.

26
Q

How do you increase the solubility of gases?

A

Increasing the gas pressure over the gas, and decreasing the volume of the container.

27
Q

What are electrolytes?

A

Compounds that produce solution ions that conduct electricity in water.

28
Q

What are non polar materials?

A

Materials that have no separated positive and negative areas.

29
Q

How does air qualify as a solution?

A

It’s a homogeneous mixture of many different gases which makes it qualify as a solution.

30
Q

What does the dissolving of a solid by water depend upon?

A

They depend upon the collisions that occur between the solvent molecules and the particles in the solid crystal.

31
Q

What is Re-crystallization?

A

The process of dissolved solute returning to the solid state.

32
Q

What are acids?

A

Any compound that increases the number of hydrogen (hydronium) ions when dissolved in water.

33
Q

What are the properties of acids?

A

Have a sour flavor
Change color in indicators
React with metals
Conduct electric currents
Are corrosive
Turn litmus paper red

34
Q

What are bases?

A

Any compound that increases the number of hydroxide ions when dissolved in water.

35
Q

What are the properties of bases?

A

Have a bitter flavor
Have a slippery feel
Change color in indicators
conduct electric currents
Turn litmus paper blue

36
Q

What determines if an acid is strong or weak?

A

The number of molecules that break apart when acid is dissolved in water.

37
Q

What determines if a base is strong or weak?

A

When all molecules of a base break off, it’s strong, but when few molecules break off, it’s weak.

38
Q

What is a neutralization reaction?

A

The reaction of an acid and a base to form a neutral solution of water and a salt.

39
Q

What is pH?

A

A value that is used to express the acidity or basicity (alkalinity) of a system.

40
Q

How do you use the pH scale?

A

Under the pH of 7, the graph increases in acidity and over the pH of 7, it increases in basicity.

41
Q

What do acids produce?

A

Hydrogen ions (H+)

42
Q

What do bases produce?

A

Hydroxide ions (OH-)

43
Q

What are pH indicators?

A

Are chemicals that change color depending on the pH of the solution.

44
Q

What are all the pH indicators?

A

Litmus Paper
Universal Indicator(s)
Phenolphthalein
bromothymol blue
Indigo carmine
Methyl orange
Methyl red

45
Q

What is conductivity in a solution?

A

The measure of a solutions’s ability to conduct electricity.

46
Q

What indicates if something is a weak acid or base?

A

If they can conduct electricity or not, which varies from little to major.

47
Q

What is a solubility curve?

A

Shows the amount of dissolved solute changes with temperature.

48
Q

What are atoms doing in the solid state of matter?

A

They’re being held together in a rigid structure

49
Q

What are atoms doing in the liquid state of matter?

A

Inter-molecular forces hold the atoms more molecules loosely together.

50
Q

What are atoms doing in the gas phase?

A

Atoms and molecules experience their greatest freedom.

51
Q

What is a mixture?

A

A material that is made up of two or more different substances that has a uniform composition.

52
Q

What is the triple point?

A

Represents the point that facilitates all phases of matter.

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