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Chemistry > Science Semester Review > Flashcards

Science Semester Review Flashcards

0
Q

Force equation

A

F=Ma

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1
Q

Oxidation number

A

The number of electrons an element/polyatomic atom has gained or lost in a chemical reaction

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2
Q

Acceleration of gravity

A

10m/s^2

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3
Q

Types of bonds

A

Ionic- atoms give or receive atoms and magnetically attract

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4
Q

Types of reactions

A 
Combustion
Decomposition
Synthesis
Single replacement
Double replacement
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5
Q

Velocity

A

The change in displacement over time (+direction)

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6
Q

Speed

A

Change in distance over change in time

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7
Q

Distance

A

The total amount a object has traveled

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8
Q

Displacement

A

The distance between the starting and ending point and the direction between the two points

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9
Q

Terminal velocity

A

A point where air resistance and the force of gravity are exactly equal

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10
Q

Friction

A

the force that opposes motion

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11
Q

Newton’s first law of motion

A

An object at rest stays at rest until a force acts upon it. An object in motion stays in motion unless a force acts upon it.

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12
Q

Newton’s third law of motion

A

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

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13
Q

Newton’s second law of motion

A

The force acting onan object is equal to its mass times its acceleration. Also the direction of the acceleration is the same as the direction of the force

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14
Q

Acceleration

A

The change in velocity over time +direction

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15
Q

Metals

A

Shiny, conductors of heat and electricity, malleable, ductile, solid at room temperature (except for mercury)

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16
Q

Nonmetal

A

Brittle, not conductive, not ductile, most gas at room temperature (some are solid but only bromine is a liquid at room temperature), and dull

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17
Q

Metalloid

A

Elements that have some characteristics of metal and some of nonmetals, semiconductors, some are malleable, some are ductile, mostly solid at room temperature.

18
Q

Resultant force

A

Combination of all forces that are applied on an object

19
Q

Proton

A

The positive particle in the nucleus (one of the heaviest particles nearly equal to the neutron in mass)

20
Q

Neutron

A

The neutral particle in the nucleus of the atom (one of the heaviest particles nearly equal to the proton in mass)

21
Q

Electron

A

The smallest part of the atom that is negative, in the electron cloud, and, orbits the positive nucleus

22
Q

Electron cloud

A

The part of the atom where the electrons reside

23
Q

Nucleus

A

The center of the atom where the protons and neutrons are

24
Q

Valence electrons

A

The number of electrons on the outer shell of the atom

25
Q

Periods

A

The part of the periodic table made up of the horizontal rows that are divided by the elements’ number of energy levels

26
Q

Groups

A

Part of the periodic table divided by the number of valence electrons

27
Q

Noble gases

A

The elements in group 8 of the periodic table that are gases, stable, have full energy shells, and light up in different colors when heat is introduced

28
Q

Alkali metals

A

Metals in the first group that are extremely reactive when added to water

29
Q

Alkali earth metals

A

Metals in the second group that are reactive when added to water but are not as reactive as alkali metals

30
Q

Law of conservation of mass

A

Matter can neither be made or destroyed, only changed

31
Q

Reactants

A

The part of a chemical equation that reacts to form the products

32
Q

Products

A

The compounds that are produced from the chemical reaction

33
Q

Monoatomic ion

A

An ion made up of only one element

34
Q

Polyatomic ion

A

An ion that is made up of two or more elements

35
Q

Binary ionic compound

A

An ionic compound composed of one metal and one nonmetal

36
Q

Ternary ionic compound

A

An ionic compound made up of three or more elements with at least one of them being a metal and at least one being a nonmetal

37
Q

Binary molecular compound

A

A covalent compound made up of two nonmetals

38
Q

Atom

A

The smallest unit of an element

39
Q

Element

A

Atoms with a certain number of protons that can’t be broken down by physical or chemical processes

40
Q

Compound

A

A combination of elements that can’t be broken down by physical processes but can be broken down by chemical processes

41
Q

Atomic radii

A

Increases as you go down the periodic table (because adding energy shells make it have a larger radius), decreases as you go across the periodic table (because of the increasing magnetic pull making the radius smaller)

42
Q

Iron triad

A

Iron, cobalt, and nickel: they share similar properties

Chemistry (4 decks)

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