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Science > Science Semester 1 Exam > Flashcards

Science Semester 1 Exam Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Atomic number

A

The “position” of the element on the periodic table

Number of protons equals the atomic number of that element

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2
Q

Mass number

A

The “big” number of the element

Number of protons “plus” number of neutrons

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3
Q

Electrons

A 
The arrangement of electrons In The outer shells 
Shell 1 = max 2
Shell 2 = max 8
Shell 3 = max 18
Shell 4 = max 18
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4
Q

Noble gasses

A

Noble gases do not react because it has a full outer shell

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5
Q

Ionic bond

A

Atoms exchange electrons

Usually happens between metals and non metals

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6
Q

Covalent bond

A

Atoms share electrons
Normally occurs between non-metals
Two different types of covalent bonds are molecular and network

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7
Q

Metals + acid =

A

Salt + H2

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8
Q

Acid + alkali =

A

Salt + H2O

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9
Q

Acid + carbonate =

A

Salt + H2O+ CO2

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10
Q

Isotopes

A

Number of neutrons

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11
Q

One mole =

A

6.02X10^23

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12
Q

Fm

A

Formula mass

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13
Q

Am

A

Atomic mass

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14
Q

5 element families

A
  • Alkali metals
  • alkaline earth metals
  • transition metals
  • halogens
  • noble gasses
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15
Q

Metallic bonding

A

Occurs between metal atoms

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16
Q

Ionic bonding

A

Occurs between metals and non-metals

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17
Q

Network bonding

A

Found throughout a material in a continuous network.

18
Q

Deoxyribonucleic acid

A

A molecule that determines characteristics of living things

19
Q

Watson crick model

A

Tells us that DNA is made up of smaller nucleotides consisting of phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar and one of four nitrogen - rich bases.

20
Q

4 nitrogen rich bases

A
  • adenine
  • thymine
  • guanine
  • cytosine
21
Q

Chromosomes

A

Long, thin, read like structures found in the nuclei of all cells in the human body that contains a nucleus.
There are 23 pairs of chromosomes in the human body half from the father and half from the mother

22
Q

(X,X) sex chromosomes

A

Female

23
Q

(X,Y) sex chromosomes

A

Male

24
Q

Genes

A

Sections of DNA arranged along the chromosomes

25
Q

Replication

A

The process of the double helix splitting and the exposed nucleotides pair. A replicated pair of chromosomes is called chromatides

26
Q

When organisms grow

A

Cells divide or replicate

27
Q

Mitosis

A

Occur in unicellular organisms

Produces two daughter cells that are identical to the parent

28
Q

Meiosis

A

Produces gametes that have half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell

29
Q

7 stages of mitosis

A

1 - interphase - Chromosomes replicate
2 - prophase - replicated chromosomes become visible
3 - metaphase - replicated chromosomes line up along the
4 - anaphase - chromatids seperate and move to opposite poles
5 - telophase - two nuclei form
6 - cytokinesis - cell membranes form

30
Q

Diploid number

A

Number of chromosomes in your body

Also described as 2n

31
Q

Genetics

A

The study of inherited characteristics

32
Q

Inherited characteristics

A

Called traits

33
Q

Alleles

A

Different versions of genes

Occupy the same position on homologous chromosomes

34
Q

Motion

A

Described as a number and direction

35
Q

Scalar

A

A quantity with only a magnitude

36
Q

Vector

A

A quantity with a magnitude and a direction

37
Q

Displacement

A

The distance from your starting point in a straight line

38
Q

Velocity =

A

Displacement /time

39
Q

Physical units

A 
Mass (kg) 
Length (m)
Time (s)
Current (a)
Temp (k)
Light (d)
Moles (mol)
40
Q

Newton’s 1st law

A

A body moving with a constant velocity will continue that state of motion u til acted on by an external/unbalanced force

41
Q

Newton’s 2nd law

A

F=ma

Force = Mass X Acccelerarion

42
Q

Newton’s 3rd law

A

For every action there’s an equal but opposite reaction

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