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Biology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Deoxyribonucleic acid

A

A molecule that determines the characteristics of living things

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2
Q

Watson crick model

A

A way of describing DNA
Tells us that DNA is made up of smaller nucleotides
Tells us that DNA is shaped in a double helix

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3
Q

Nucleotides consist of

A

Phosphate group
Deocyribose sugar
One of four nitrogen rich bases

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4
Q

What are the four nitrogen rich bases

A

Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Guanine (G)
Cytosine (C)

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5
Q

Chromosomes

A

A long, thin, read-like structure found in the nuclei of all cells in the human body that contain nucleus’
One Chromosome is one very long DNA strand that wraps around protein

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6
Q

Number of Chromosomes

A

There are 23 pairs of chromosomes making up 46 chromosomes in the human body
Half come from the father
Half come from the mother

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7
Q

Sex Chromosomes

A

Out of 46 chromosomes there are two sex chromosomes which determine whether you are a male or female

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8
Q

Male chromosome=

A

XY

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9
Q

Female Chromosomes=

A

XX

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10
Q

Genes

A

Sections of DNA arranged along Chromosomes

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11
Q

The process of copying DNA

A

Replication

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12
Q

Replication

A

Where the two strands of the double helix split from each other and the nucleotides bond an produce chromatides

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13
Q

When organisms grow

A

Cells divide or Replicate

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14
Q

Unicellular organism reproduce by a process called

A

Mitosis

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15
Q

Mitosis

A

Produces two daughter cells that are identical to the parents cell

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16
Q

Meiosis

A

Produces gametes that have half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell

17
Q

Mitosis has six distinct stages

A
  1. Interphase - Chromosomes replicate
  2. Prophase - Replicated chromosomes become visible
  3. Metaphase - Replicated chromosomes line up along the equator
  4. Anaphase - Chromatides seperate and move to opposite poles
  5. Telophase - two nuclei form
  6. Cytokenesis - cell membranes form
18
Q

Diploid number

A

The number of chromosomes in your body

Can also be described as 2n which means two sets

19
Q

Unicellular organisms

A

Reproduce by mitosis which produces clones

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