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Biology > Science Quarterly Test 1/22/13 > Flashcards

Science Quarterly Test 1/22/13 Flashcards

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1
Q

Genetics

A

Scientific study of heredity

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2
Q

True breeding

A

Terms used to describe organism that produce offspring identical to themselves.

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3
Q

Traits

A

Specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another.

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4
Q

Hybrid

A

Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits.

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5
Q

Allele

A

One of a number of different forms of a gene

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6
Q

Segregation

A

Separation of alleles during gamete formation

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7
Q

Gametes

A

Specialized cell involve in sexual reproduction.

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8
Q

Probability

A

The like hood that a particular event will occur.

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9
Q

Punnett square

A

The gene combination that might result from a genetic cross can be determined by drawing a diagram

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10
Q

Heterozygous

A

Organisms that have 2 different alleles for the same trait.

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11
Q

Phenotype

A

Physical characteristics

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12
Q

Genotype

A

Genetic makeup.

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13
Q

Independent assortment

A

Alleles for seed shape segregated independently of those seed color

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14
Q

Incomplete dominance

A

One alleles is not completely dominate over another.

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15
Q

Codominance

A

Both alleles contribute to the phenotype of the organism

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16
Q

Multiply alleles

A

Genes that have more than 2 alleles

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17
Q

Polygenic traits

A

Traits controlled by more than 2 alleles

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18
Q

Homologous

A

Having the same alleles or genes in the same order of arrangement

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19
Q

Diploid

A

An organism or cell having double the basic haploid number of chromosomes.

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20
Q

Haploid

A

An organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes, ordinarily half the normal diploid number.

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21
Q

Meiosis

A

Progress of reduction division in which the number of chromosome per cell is cut in half through the separation.

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22
Q

Tetrad

A

Chromosome pairs with it’s corresponding homologous chromosome that form a structure.

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23
Q

Crossing-over

A

Portion of their chromatids in a process.

24
Q

Evolution

A

Change in a kind of organism over time; progress by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organism.

25
Q

Diversity

A

The state of fact of being diverse; difference ; unlikeness.

26
Q

Adaption

A

Inherited characteristics that increases an organism’s chance of survival.

27
Q

Competition

A

The act of competing; rivalry for supremacy.

28
Q

Genes

A

Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and this determines a trait.

29
Q

Lichen

A

Symbiotic association between a fungus and a photosynthetic organism

30
Q

Natural selection

A

Progress by which individuals that are better suite to their environment survives and reproduce most successfully; also called survival of the fittest

31
Q

Predation

A

A relation between animals in which one organism captures and feed on others.

32
Q

Artificial selection

A

Selection by humans for breeding of useful traits from the natural variation among different organism

33
Q

Fossil

A

Preserve remains or evidence of an ancient organism.

34
Q

Homologous

A

Terms used to refer to chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite sex parents.

35
Q

Protection coloration

A

Coloration or anything likened to it that eliminates or reduce visibility or conspicuousness.

36
Q

Species.

A

Group of similar organism that can breed and produce fertile offspring.

37
Q

Insight

A

An instance of apprehending the true nature of a thing.

38
Q

Struggle for existence

A

Competition among members of a species for food , living space, and the other necessities of life.

39
Q

Puberty

A

A period of rapid growth and sexual maturation during which the reproductive system becomes fully functional.

40
Q

Scrotum

A

External sac containing the testes.

41
Q

Seminiferous tubule

A

One of the hundreds of tiny tubules in the testes in which sperm are produced.

42
Q

Epididymis

A

Structure in the male reproductive system in which the sperm fully matures and are stored

43
Q

Vas deferens

A

Tube that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra.

44
Q

Urethra

A

Tube through which urine and semen are released from the body.

45
Q

Follicle

A

Cluster of cells surrounding a single egg in the human female reproductive system.

46
Q

Ovulation

A

Progress in which an egg is released from the ovary.

47
Q

Fallopian tube.

A

One of two fluid fueled tube in human female through which an egg passes after it’s release from the ovary.

48
Q

Uterus.

A

Organ of the female reproductive system in which A fertilized egg can develop.

49
Q

Menstrual cycle.

A

Cycle during which an egg develops and is released from an ovary and the uterus is prepared to recieve a fertilized egg.

50
Q

Corpus luteum

A

Name given to a follicle after ovulation because of it’s yellow color.

51
Q

Menstruation

A

Last phase of the menstrual cycle, during which the lining of the uterus, along with the blood and the fertilized egg is discharged through the vagina.

52
Q

Embryo

A

Results of clump of cell.

53
Q

Implantation

A

An event of the lining of the uterus

54
Q

Fetus

A

A developing human

55
Q

Genital herpes

A

A sexual transmitted infection that is caused by a herpes simplex virus.

Biology (5 decks)

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