Science: Physics Waves Flashcards

1
Q

What is a wave?

A

A wave is an oscillation (move back and forth with regular rhythm) that moves through space transferring energy from one place to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Definition for Wavelength.

A

Wavelength (λ): The distance between two matching points on neighbouring waves. Usually measured in meters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is frequency?

A

Frequency (f): This is the number of complete waves per second passing a certain point. It is measured in Hertz (Hz)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a period?

A

Period: the time taken for a complete oscillation to pass by a given point. It is a time interval and measured in seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Wave speeds defointion.

A

Wave speed: distance per unit of time that a given wave travels. Waves travel at different speeds in different mediums

speed = frequency x wavelength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the Crest and Trough

A

Crest/trough: The maximum and minimum level of a wave (max->Crest)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the Amplitude?

A

Amplitude (A): This is the height of a wave from the mid-point (Where there is no displacement) to a peak/crest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a sound wave? Is it mechanic or electromagnetic? Is it a longitudinal or transverse wave?

A

Sound waves are both mechanical and longitudinal

They are mechanical in nature because they require a medium to travel through. They cause matter to vibrate

Sound waves are also longitudinal because thew matter affected by the wave travels parallel to the wave itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does the frequency and amplitude of sound affect it.

A

The frequency of a sound will determine its pitch

The higher the frequency (Shorter the wavelength) of a sound, the higher the pitch to the human ear

The loudness of a sound depends on the amplitude of the wave

The higher the amplitude, the louder the sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is radioactive half life?

A

The time it takes for half of the material to decay

Regardless of how much you start with, after 1 half-life, half of it will have decayed

Each element decays into a new element

Carbon 14 (C14) decays into nitrogen 14

The half-life of each element is constant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the diff between mechanical and electromagnetic waves?

A

Mechanical waves require a medium

A medium is the matter, or substance, through which a wave is transmitted e.g. water is a medium for ocean waves and air particles are a medium for sound waves

Electromagnetic waves – can travel through matter AND empty space (vacuum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a Medium?

A

A medium is the matter, or substance, through which a wave is transmitted e.g. water is a medium for ocean waves and air particles are a medium for sound waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a transverse wave? How is the matter of medium affected by each type of wave? Exmaples?

A

The vibrations in traverse waves go from side to side

The energy is travelling in one direction, with the vibrations moving at a 90˚ angle to the direction the wave is travelling

middle line of the transverse wave is the direction the energy is travelling. The actual matter is travelling ONLY up and down at a 90 degree angle to the energy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

longitudinal waves?

A

Longitudinal waves have vibrations moving in the same direction that the wave is travelling in

This causes particles of matter to move back and forth in the same direction in which he wave travels

Examples of longitudinal waves are: sound waves, a slinky, and p-waves which are the primary waves are produced by earthquakes and which shake solid and liquid matter in the direction they are travelling

Longitudinal waves move matter back and forth raather than up and down.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Law of Reflection

A

When a light ray hits a mirror it changes direction: The ray is reflected

Angle of incidence (I) = angle of reflection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is refraction?

A

Refraction is the bending of a light wave when it passes from one transparent substance into another with a different density

The change in density changes the velocity of the wave and causes it to bend

17
Q

What does SONAR stand for and what it is used for?

A

SOund Navigation And Ranging

Used for Sea navigation

18
Q

Alpha Decay.

A

Alpha decay releases 2 protons and 2 neutrons

Thus, the new atom created by alpha decay has an atomic number that decreases by two and a mass number that decreases by 4:

19
Q

Beta Decay.

A

Beta decay releases an electron, and a neutron is converted to a proton

Thus, the new atom created by beta decay has an atomic number that increases by 1, and a mass number that stays the same

20
Q

Gamme Decay.

A

Gamma decay does not release any particles and only emits energy

Thus, after gamma decay the atoms atomic number or mass do not change

21
Q

What is the electromagnetic Spectrum?

A

Electromagnetic waves form a continuous series un order of changing wavelength, frequency and energy. This series is called the electromagnetic spectrum

Electromagnetic waves are grouped into types that have similar wavelengths and also similar properties

21
Q

What is the electromagnetic Spectrum?

A

Electromagnetic waves form a continuous series un order of changing wavelength, frequency and energy. This series is called the electromagnetic spectrum

Electromagnetic waves are grouped into types that have similar wavelengths and also similar properties