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Science > Science - Physics | Test #9 > Flashcards

Science - Physics | Test #9 Flashcards

1
Q

Was the leaning tower of Pisa designed to be titled?

A

The tower of Pisa was designed not to be tilted back

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2
Q

Centre of gravity

A

An imaginary point in an object around which the force of gravity is acting upon it
near the centre of the object, where the mass is most concentrated

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3
Q

Support for Stability

A

In order for an object to be stable, the support structure of the object needs to be able to support the centre of gravity

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4
Q

Stable equilibrium:

A

An object is considered to be in Stable equilibrium if the object is slightly displaced, but is able to stay upright

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5
Q

Center of Gravity Example

A

Human body
The centre of gravity for humans is close to their pelvic area
The centre of gravity can change depending on the height and size of the person

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6
Q

Support for Stability Example

A

E.x: Chair
A chair has legs that create a base of support that allows the centre of gravity to be within the centre of gravity to be within the middle of the base
If the centre of gravity is not within the base of support, the chair will tip over

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7
Q

Stable equilibrium example

A

Rocking chair
Even with a force that displaces its position, the chair stays upright

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8
Q

Unstable equilibrium example

A

Football on its nose
The small base of the football will create temporary balance, but as soon as a force is applied to the football it will topple over

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9
Q

Neutral equilibrium example

A

Soccer ball
When a force is applied to the soccer ball, the centre of the gravity continues to stay in the centre of ball

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10
Q

What is the maximum number of 2D equilateral triangles that can connect at a single vertex at the same time?

A

You can have 6 triangles that can connect at a single vertex at the same time due to each corner of a triangle accounting for 60 degrees

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10
Q

We know that the basis for most Frame Structures will utilize triangular elements due to

A

its strength at controlling tension and compression

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11
Q

The upright triangle will create a stable base because

A

of the width of the base

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12
Q

The Load being placed on the triangle will create

A

stress on the two non-base sides in the form of Compression

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13
Q

In triangles, The base will incur ____

A

Tension as it tries to support the compressed sides

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14
Q

Unstable equilibrium

A

The object is slightly displaced and causes the object to topple

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15
Q

Neutral Equilibrium

A

a force acts upon the object but doesn’t cause the centre of gravity to be displaced

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16
Q

Why do people not get hurt when lying in a bed of nails?

A

The weight of the body is distributed amongst the nails, so that each nail is supporting a small percentage of the body
More nails will lessen the chance of injury
Less nails will increase the chance of injury

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17
Q

Static Loads

A

Static Loads are items that create pressure on a structure mainly through gravity
Another term for static load is dead load
Dead Loads generally don’t change because the pressure created by dead loads on a structure is the structure itself

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18
Q

Live Loads

A

temporary pressure placed on structures, but they are still influenced by gravity

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19
Q

Dynamic Loads

A

Dynamic loads are quickly changing pressures that are exerted on structures
Another term for Dynamic Loads is Environmental Loads.

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20
Q

When cracking eggs, which part of the egg do you crack?

A

When cracking eggs open, we generally crack the sides of the egg because they are the weakest points on the egg
The top and bottom parts of the egg are the strongest parts of the egg, which is why bids will often nestle their eggs to be upright to before placing their weight on the eggs

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21
Q

Solid Structure

A

Solid structure are structures that generally has no hollow spaces within it to create structural weakness
It’s strength come from the bulk of its weight and structure

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22
Q

Shell Structures

A

The arching of the shell structure is the root of its strength, as the arch will willow for the distribution of pressure away from the apex
Shell structures are best used for conditions when there will be greater pressure or force that a solid structure alone cannot withstand

23
Q

Frame Structures

A

Frame structures get their strength from the combination and configuration of parts that helps withstand forces

24
Frame structures that try to take advantage of TRIANGULAR formation are called ____
trusses
25
The linking of triangles will continuously distribute the
tensile and compressive forces throughout the structure
26
The further _____ of a triangular formation into smaller triangles can add to the strength of the larger triangles
segmenting
27
what are reinforcements that can be placed at the joint of where triangles meet in order to further resist tensile and compressive forces
Gussets
28
Ties and struts are...
structures that can be added to a preexisting structure to help strengthen it against forces
29
A Tie is
a support structure that can help resist tension
30
A Strut is
a support structure that can help resist compression
31
Arches in structures have the main responsibility to
resist compressive forces that are placed on the structure
32
The Keystone helps
to distribute the force through the arch
33
The Springer is
the end point of the arch that will transfer the force to a foundation
34
What is the longest bridge in Canada?
The Confederation Bridge ~13 km ~10 mins to cross(speed limit = 80km/h) The bridge connects PEI to New Brunswick
35
Static Loads example
Elevator The elevator structure itself rarely changes its weight over time
36
Beam bridge
Beam bridges are composed of beams that are held up on either end, and usually have columns to create support Beam bridges are your basic bridges that balance tensile and compressive forces Most basic
37
Truss Bridges
Truss bridges are similar to beam bridges, but use additional components to help shoulder more weight compared to a beam bridge
38
Arch Bridge
The arch bridge is basically a beam bridge that has an arch support which resists compressive forces that are transferred to strong foundations
39
Live load example
Humans on Elevators Humans create weight fluctuations on an elevator that the elevator has to be designed to withstand Elisha Otis in the 19th century developed the modern mechanisms to prevent elevator from crashing to the ground if there was an issue with the cable that normally lifts the elevator This allowed for the public to become more trusting of the elevator in buildings
40
Suspension Bridge
A suspension bridge allows for the tensile forces to be transferred to columns supporting the bridge, while the suspension cables help resist the compressive forces
41
Dynamic Load example
Example: Earthquake-resistant buildings
42
Cantilever Bridge
The cantilever bridge is a modified version of a Truss bridge that allows for multiple components to withstand the tensile and compressive forces, but requires the ends to take on most of the weight Each segment or span of the bridge acts like a see-saw and needs the middle portion to create balance
43
How does a Chinese Finger Trap work?
The more force you try to pull your trapped fingers away from one another, the tighter the grip on your fingers If you push your trapped fingers towards each other, the trap will loosen its grip
44
Tension
Tension is the force experienced by a structure that has opposing forces pulling on either ends of the structure E.x Tug-of-War The pulling of the rope will tighten the rope and make it taut
45
Solid Structure example
Ex. Dams(Niagra) The strength of the dan is based on the materials used to make the dam(usually concrete) and the thickness of the dam relative to amount of pressure exerted in the dam
46
Compression
Compression is the force experienced by a structure that has opposing forces pushing on either ends of the structure
47
Bending
Bending occurs on structures that experience the forces of tension and compression at the same time
48
Torsion
Torsion occurs when there are opposing rotational forces being applied to a structure ex. twist something
49
Torsion example
E.x: Wringing a Towel One hand needs to either anchor or rotate one end of the towel in the opposite rotational direction as the other end of the towel in order to remove excess water Torsion & Bending force (pressure)is measured in Pascals (Pa)
50
Bending example
E.x: A load on a bridge The top of the bridge will experience Compression as the Load forces the bridge to bend into itself The bottom of the bridge will experience Tension as the load forces that bridge to splinter Both Tension and Compression are measured in Newtons (N), but Bending is measured in Pascals (Pa)
51
Compression example
E.x: A Vice The vice will create a compressive grip on an item as both ends of the vice reduce the amount of space between them
52
Dynamic load example
ex. people, vehicles, wind, rain, earthquakes. And any other item that can cause additional pressures in a structure beyond what it's main function is
53
Frame structure example
Goal-Posts Each post cannot stand on its own, so the configuration of the posts in a rectangular formation creates stability and strength The weakest element of the goal-post is the horizontal bar, which is why crossbars will generally sag towards the ground
54
What structure do roofs use and why?
Use Shell structure because of their abilities to withstand the pressure of rain, snow and other forms of precipitation, while creating a domed ceiling which allows for more volume in the building

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