Science of Psych (week 6 part 1) Flashcards
Learn: History of Psychology Psychological theories Early approaches to psychology Contemporary (current) psychology approaches professions why Psych is needed for Health Sciences
What did Plato believe?
Psyche (mind and soul) drive behaviour and impulses
What did Aristotle believe?
- Nurture
- Mind drives body (behaviourist)
What did Hippocrates believe?
- There is a physical reason for mental ailments
- Thoughts, ideas and feelings come from brain, not heart
How has Hippocrates contributed to psychology?
- Described natural causes to psychological ailments
- Recommended holistic treatments
- Described behavioural problems
- formed theories of temperament and motivation
What is Objective introspection and who began it?
(Objective introspection theory)
- Started by Wundt (father of experimental psychology) : first attempt to bring objectivity and measurement into psychology
- Objectively examine and measure one’s own thoughts and mental activities based on physical sensations
What is structuralism and who began it? Why did it die out?
(Structuralism theory)
- Started by Titchener
- Use of introspection to reveal structure or basic elements of mind
-Died out because:
Introspection unreliable due to variability of
experience, and debate on key elements of experience
What is functionalism and who began it?
(Functionalism Theory)
- Started by James Williams
- focus on how mind allows people to function - work, play, live, and adapt
inspired by Charles Darwin natural selection (so can pass down behavioural traits
What is the Gestalt perspective and who began it (and who believed in it)?
(Early psych approach)
- started by Max Wertheimer (Kohler and Koffka believed in it)
- Take human mind and behaviour as a whole
- incorporated into cognitive psych
What is Psychoanalysis and who began it?
(Early psych approach)
- Started by Sigmund Freud (neurologist)
- behaviour stems from unconscious motivation from repressed childhood experiences (resurfaces as nervous disorders)
- influenced mordern psychotherapy = insight into and change behaviour
what is Behaviourism and who started and contributed to it?
(Early psych approach)
- started by Pavlov = discovered conditioned response and learning
- Further developed by Watson and Skinner = scientific study of observable behaviour (rather than on conciousness) - early work on phobias
- Believe that all behaviour is learned
- Behaviourism is still major psychological approach (influence cognitive psych)
What is Humanism and who believed in it?
(Early psych approach)
- Rogers and Maslow believed in this
- believed that behaviourism and psychoanalysis too limiting
focus on how environmental influences can nurture or limit growth potential (need to have human needs or love and acceptance satisfied)
- exist as a form of psychotherapy for self understanding and self improvement
What is the cognitive approach and it’s related areas of study?
(Cognitive Approach is a contemporary psychological approach)
- Study of human mental processes and their role in thanking, feeling, and behaving
- focus on memory, intelligence, perception, thought processes, problem-solving, language, and learning
- Related: Cognitive neuroscience studies brain activity underlying mental activity (Eg. MRI, PET)
What is Sociocultural approach?
(is a contemporary psych approach)
- emphasise social and cultural influences on behaviour
What is the Biological perspective in psychology and its related areas of study?
(is a contemporary psych approach)
- bodily events and changes associated with actions, feelings and thoughts
– Related: Evolutionary Psychology: Alikeness = common biology (of human species) and evolutionary history
– Related: Behaviour Genetics: Diversity cuz of different genes and environment
What is the biopsychological approach?
(is a contemporary psych approach)
- integrated approach:
Takes into account influence of:
- Biological (both evolutionary and behavioural)
- Psychological
- Social-cultural factors
