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Midterm exam flashcards > Science midterm cards > Flashcards

Science midterm cards Flashcards

1
Q

What is an atom?

A

the building blocks/ the smallest unit of matter

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2
Q

What is a cell?

A

the building blocks/ the smallest unit of life

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3
Q

What is an element?

A

a substance made up of only 1 atom, but same number of protons
e.x. Hydrogen

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4
Q

What is a molecule?

A

A group of two or more atoms bonded together
e.x. O2

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5
Q

What is a compound?

A

A group of two or more different atoms bonded together
e.x. NH3

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6
Q

How are molecules and compounds similar and different?

A

Similar: all compounds are molecules
different: molecules are 2 or more same atoms chemically combined, compound is 2 or more different atoms chemically combined

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7
Q

Chemical formula for water

A

H2O

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8
Q

Why is water polar?

A

Water has two poles: 2 negatively charged electrons into a positively charged proton.

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9
Q

What is surface tension?

A

Strong cohesive forms in the water molecules

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10
Q

Adhesion

A

the process of adhering onto something

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11
Q

Cohesion

A

the process of sticking into a different substance

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12
Q

Which element of water pulls more?

A

Oxygen

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13
Q

If you’re doing a penny lab, why did the water droplets stick on the penny?

A

This is due to cohesion

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14
Q

What are the 6 key characteristics of life? (does not need to be in order)

A
  1. Reproduction
  2. Response to stimuli
  3. Maintains homeostasis
    4.Metabolism
  4. Can move
  5. Adapt to environments
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15
Q

What is the cell theory?

A
  1. All cells come from preexisting cells
  2. All cells are the basic unit of life
  3. All living organisms are made up of cells
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16
Q

Cell wall

A
  1. found only in the plant cell
  2. maintains a rigid structure in the plant
17
Q

Cell membrane

A
  1. found in both cells
  2. acts like a security guard; in other words, it means it controls what goes in and out of the cell
18
Q

Cytoplasm

A
  1. found in both cells
  2. the jelly-like substance that holds all the organelles in a place
19
Q

Nucleus

A
  1. found in both cells; but only in eukayortic ones
  2. acts like the brain; in other words, it is the control center of the cell and holds the DNA in place.
20
Q

DNA

A
  1. found in the nucleus (or floats in the cell if prokayortic)
  2. the genetic material in which we all have
21
Q

Mitochondria

A
  1. found in both cells
  2. nicknamed “powerhouse of the cell”; produces energy called ATP to both plant and animal cells.
22
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER; rough and smooth)

A
  1. both rough and smooth ER are found in both cells
  2. Rough: produces ribosomes
    Smooth: Produces fats called lipids
23
Q

Golgi apparatus (Golgi body)

A
  1. found in both cells
  2. ships the proteins and lipids produced by the smooth ER and ribosomes
24
Q

Lysosomes

A
  1. found in only the animal cell
  2. stores waste materials, unlike the vacoule
25
Q

Ribosomes

A
  1. found in both cells
  2. makes the proteins; the golgi ships them
26
Q

Chloroplasts

A
  1. found in only the plant cell
  2. produces the green pigment we call chlorophyll
27
Q

Chlorophyll

A
  1. found in only the plant cell (bc it comes from chloroplasts)
  2. gives the plant its green color
28
Q

Vacuole

A
  1. found in both cells; to be specific (this organelle is larger in the plant cell than the animal cell)
  2. stores water and waste inside, unlike lysosomes
29
Q

examples of prokayortes

A

examples include: bacteria, archaea, etc.

30
Q

What are the 3 shapes of bacteria?

A
  1. bacillus (rod)
  2. sprillus (spiral)
  3. coccus (sphere)
31
Q

Where do archaea live?

A

volcanoes, geysers, etc.

32
Q

How do we destroy the bad bacteria?

A

Taking antibiotics on a regular basis

33
Q

Bacterial illnesses include

A
  1. Strep throat
  2. Tuberculosis
  3. Lyme disease
  4. Tetanus
  5. E.Coli
    etc….
34
Q

What are the plant-like protists?

A

euglena

35
Q

What are the animal-like protists?

A
  1. Paramecium
  2. Amoeba
  3. Diatoms
36
Q

How do these 3 protists move
- amoeba
- euglena
- paramecium

A

Amoeba: False foot called pseudopod
Euglena: their flagellum
paramecium: the movement of their cilla

37
Q

Why are they protists? They should be eukayortes!

A

Well, because they both have plant and animal-like characteristics
for instance
- euglena has chloroplasts but doesn’t have a cell wall

Midterm exam flashcards (2 decks)

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