Science midterm cards

Question 1

What is an atom?

Answer 1

the building blocks/ the smallest unit of matter

Question 2

What is a cell?

Answer 2

the building blocks/ the smallest unit of life

Question 3

What is an element?

Answer 3

a substance made up of only 1 atom, but same number of protons
e.x. Hydrogen

Question 4

What is a molecule?

Answer 4

A group of two or more same or different atoms bonded together
e.x. O2

Question 5

What is a compound?

Answer 5

A group of two or more different elements bonded together
e.x. NH3

Question 6

How are molecules and compounds similar and different?

Answer 6

Similar: all compounds are molecules
different: molecules are 2 or more same atoms chemically combined, compound is 2 or more different atoms chemically combined

Question 7

Chemical formula for water

Answer 7

H2O

Question 8

Why is water polar?

Answer 8

Water has two poles: 2 negatively charged electrons into a positively charged proton.

Question 9

What is surface tension?

Answer 9

Strong cohesive forms in the water molecules

Question 10

Adhesion

Answer 10

the process of sticking onto different substances

Question 11

Cohesion

Answer 11

the process of sticking into the same substance

Question 12

Which element of water pulls more?

Answer 12

Oxygen

Question 13

If you’re doing a penny lab, why did the water droplets stick on the penny?

Answer 13

Cohesion: The water molecules stick to each other
Adhesion: It sticks onto the penny

Question 14

What are the 6 key characteristics of life? (does not need to be in order)

Answer 14

1. Reproduction
2. Response to stimuli
3. Maintains homeostasis
   4.Metabolism
4. Can move
5. Adapt to environments

Question 15

What is the cell theory?

Answer 15

1. All cells come from preexisting cells
2. All cells are the basic unit of life
3. All living organisms are made up of cells

Question 16

Cell wall

Answer 16

1. found only in the plant cell
2. maintains a rigid structure in the plant

Question 17

Cell membrane

Answer 17

1. found in both cells
2. acts like a security guard; in other words, it means it controls what goes in and out of the cell

Question 18

Cytoplasm

Answer 18

1. found in both cells
2. the jelly-like substance that holds all the organelles in a place

Question 19

Nucleus

Answer 19

1. found in both cells; but only in eukayortic ones
2. acts like the brain; in other words, it is the control center of the cell and holds the DNA in place.

Question 20

DNA

Answer 20

1. found in the nucleus (or floats in the cell if prokayortic)
2. the genetic material in which we all have

Question 21

Mitochondria

Answer 21

1. found in both cells
2. nicknamed “powerhouse of the cell”; produces energy called ATP to both plant and animal cells.

Question 22

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER; rough and smooth)

Answer 22

1. both rough and smooth ER are found in both cells
2. Rough: produces ribosomes
   Smooth: Produces fats called lipids

Question 23

Golgi apparatus (Golgi body)

Answer 23

1. found in both cells
2. ships the proteins and lipids produced by the smooth ER and ribosomes

Question 24

Lysosomes

Answer 24

1. found in only the animal cell
2. stores waste materials, unlike the vacoule

Question 25

Ribosomes

Answer 25

1. found in both cells 2. makes the proteins; the golgi ships them

Question 26

Chloroplasts

Answer 26

1. found in only the plant cell 2. produces the green pigment we call chlorophyll

Question 27

Chlorophyll

Answer 27

1. found in only the plant cell (bc it comes from chloroplasts) 2. gives the plant its green color

Question 28

Vacuole

Answer 28

1. found in both cells; to be specific (this organelle is larger in the plant cell than the animal cell) 2. stores water and waste inside, unlike lysosomes

Question 29

examples of prokayortes

Answer 29

examples include: bacteria, archaea, etc.

Question 30

What are the 3 shapes of bacteria?

Answer 30

1. bacillus (rod) 2. sprillus (spiral) 3. coccus (sphere)

Question 31

Where do archaea live?

Answer 31

volcanoes, geysers, etc.

Question 32

How do we destroy the bad bacteria?

Answer 32

Taking antibiotics on a regular basis

Question 33

Bacterial illnesses include

Answer 33

1. Strep throat 2. Tuberculosis 3. Lyme disease 4. Tetanus 5. E.Coli etc....

Question 34

What are the plant-like protists?

Answer 34

euglena

Question 35

What are the animal-like protists?

Answer 35

1. Paramecium 2. Amoeba 3. Diatoms

Question 36

How do these 3 protists move - amoeba - euglena - paramecium

Answer 36

Amoeba: False foot called pseudopod Euglena: their flagellum paramecium: the movement of their cilla

Question 37

Why are they protists? They should be eukayortes!

Answer 37

Well, because they both have plant and animal-like characteristics for instance - euglena has chloroplasts but doesn't have a cell wall

Question 38

Why are spirogyra, onion cells, and skin cells multicellular

Answer 38

they are composed of multiple cells, as seen in a microscope

Question 39

Why don't onion cells have chloroplasts?

Answer 39

They are generally grown underground, so photosynthesis isn't necessary

Question 40

What are antibiotics?

Answer 40

medicine which helps kill bacteria

Question 41

What are vaccines?

Answer 41

shots which help you protect from viruses/bacteria

Question 42

What are antibiotics?

Answer 42

proteins which help stimulate bad bacteria