Science Mid Term Flashcards
Carolus Linneaus
created the system we use to classify organisms today
taxonomy
the scientific study of how things are classified
scientific name
has two parts: genus and species
binomial nomenclature
the naming process in which every organism is give a two part name
autotrophic
plants mostly (organisms that make their own food using energy from the sun)
heterotrophic
organisms that obtain energy (food) from another source; animals and fungi
prokaryotic
no nucleus
eukaryotic
has a nucleus
orders of classification
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
(Dear King Phillip Came Over For Good Shrimp)
Archea
Single celled organism that do not have a nucleus (prokaryotes are in this domain) they live in extreme/harsh environments
Bacteria
all bacteria belong in this domain - they can be found in soil, water, or living organisms. They are prokaryotes and reproduce by cell division.
Eukarya
all organisms whose cells have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles (Eukaryotes) This domain includes Animalia, Plantae, Protista, Fungi Kingdoms
6 Characteristics of Life (GRA2CE)
Grow, Reproduce, Adapt and Adjust, Cells, Energy
Bacteria
Eubacteria, Prokaryote, Unicellular, Auto and Heterotrophic, Asexual
Archaea
Archaebacteria, Prokaryote, Unicellular, Auto and Heterotrophic,
Asexual
Eukarya, Protista
Eukaryote, Unicellular and Multicellular, Auto and Heterotrophic, Asexual and Sexual
Eukarya, Fungi
Eukaryote, Unicellular and Multicellular, Heterotrophic, Asexual and Sexual
Eukarya, Animalia
Eukaryote, Multicellular, Heterotrophic, Sexual
Nucleus
Plant and animal - control center of cell
Eukarya, Plantae
Eukaryote, Multicellular, Autotrophic, Asexual and sexual
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Plant and animal - materials are processed and moved around inside cell
Ribosome
Plant and Animal - responsible for protein synthesis in cell
Mitochondria
Plant and Animal - powerhouse in the cell. breaks down food to make energy for the cell
Chloroplast and Chlorophyll
Plant, enable photosynthesis to make food and energy for the plant
Golgi Body
Plant and animal- packs and transports cellular material throughout the cell
Cell Membrane
Plant and animal - cell gatekeeper, controls what goes in and out of the cell
Cell Wall
plant, surrounds cell and maintains structure of the cell
Lysosome
Plant and animal but mainly animal, aids with cell digestion and waste removal
Large Central Vacuole
Plant, provides storage space for water, waste and other cellular materials
Cytoplasm
Plant and animal, gel like fluid in the cell to support the cell organisms to function and stay in place
Diffusion
constant, random movement of molecules of particles from high to low concentration
Osmosis
Diffusion of water across semipermeable membranes
Passive transport
membrane transport, movement of molecules or ions from higher to lower
Selectively Permeable
let some things in and some things out
Photosynthesis
plants change energy from sunlight to energy that is later used
Cellular Respiration
The process a cell uses to get energy from glucose
Chemical Equation for Photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O —> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Chemical Equation for Cellular Respiration
6O2 + C6H12O6 —> 6H2O + 6CO2
Photosynthesis happens in the
chloroplasts
Cellular Respiration happens in the
mitochondria
Does cellular respiration happen in eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic because prokaryotic do not have mitochondria
Explain how photosynthesis and cellular respiration work together in plant cells.
Photosynthesis makes the glucose that is used in cellular respiration then the glucose is transformed back into carbon dioxide which is used in photosynthesis.
Photosyntheis
takes place in chloroplasts, only done by producers, makes glucose and oxygen, uses sunlight, water, and CO2, is necessary for life processes
Cellular Respiration
makes ATP, CO2, and water, takes place in mitochondria, uses oxygen and glucose, necessary for life processes
Stages of the Cell Cycle
Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis
Differences between animal and plant cells
Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole while animal cells lack these structures.
Digestive System
Consists of the digestive track and several accessory organs. The purpose is to break down food into nutrients that can be used by cells. The circulatory system delivers the nutrients to the cells
Nervous System
Nervous system is the control center body. It is made up of brain, nerves, and the spinal cord. A neuron is a nerve cell.
Describe how the circulatory system and respiratory system work together.
They work together to deliver O2 to the body’s cells. The respiratory system brings in oxygen while the circulatory system delivers it. The gas exchange of O2 and CO2 takes place in the aioli
How is the nucleus of the cell like the nervous system of the body?
The nervous system tells the other systems what to do just like the nucleus controls the other organelles
Levels of biological organization
cells - tissues - organs- organs systems - organ systems - organisms
When microscopes were invented, how did that change the classification system? Why would it change over time?
Scientists were able to see cells. They began to classify organisms based on the number of types of cells. The system will always change as new information is discovered.
