Science Mid Term Flashcards

1
Q

Carolus Linneaus

A

created the system we use to classify organisms today

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2
Q

taxonomy

A

the scientific study of how things are classified

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3
Q

scientific name

A

has two parts: genus and species

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4
Q

binomial nomenclature

A

the naming process in which every organism is give a two part name

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5
Q

autotrophic

A

plants mostly (organisms that make their own food using energy from the sun)

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6
Q

heterotrophic

A

organisms that obtain energy (food) from another source; animals and fungi

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7
Q

prokaryotic

A

no nucleus

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8
Q

eukaryotic

A

has a nucleus

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9
Q

orders of classification

A

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
(Dear King Phillip Came Over For Good Shrimp)

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10
Q

Archea

A

Single celled organism that do not have a nucleus (prokaryotes are in this domain) they live in extreme/harsh environments

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11
Q

Bacteria

A

all bacteria belong in this domain - they can be found in soil, water, or living organisms. They are prokaryotes and reproduce by cell division.

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12
Q

Eukarya

A

all organisms whose cells have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles (Eukaryotes) This domain includes Animalia, Plantae, Protista, Fungi Kingdoms

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13
Q

6 Characteristics of Life (GRA2CE)

A

Grow, Reproduce, Adapt and Adjust, Cells, Energy

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14
Q

Bacteria

A

Eubacteria, Prokaryote, Unicellular, Auto and Heterotrophic, Asexual

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15
Q

Archaea

A

Archaebacteria, Prokaryote, Unicellular, Auto and Heterotrophic,
Asexual

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16
Q

Eukarya, Protista

A

Eukaryote, Unicellular and Multicellular, Auto and Heterotrophic, Asexual and Sexual

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17
Q

Eukarya, Fungi

A

Eukaryote, Unicellular and Multicellular, Heterotrophic, Asexual and Sexual

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18
Q

Eukarya, Animalia

A

Eukaryote, Multicellular, Heterotrophic, Sexual

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19
Q

Nucleus

A

Plant and animal - control center of cell

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19
Q
A
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20
Q

Eukarya, Plantae

A

Eukaryote, Multicellular, Autotrophic, Asexual and sexual

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21
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Plant and animal - materials are processed and moved around inside cell

22
Q

Ribosome

A

Plant and Animal - responsible for protein synthesis in cell

23
Q

Mitochondria

A

Plant and Animal - powerhouse in the cell. breaks down food to make energy for the cell

24
Q

Chloroplast and Chlorophyll

A

Plant, enable photosynthesis to make food and energy for the plant

25
Q

Golgi Body

A

Plant and animal- packs and transports cellular material throughout the cell

26
Q

Cell Membrane

A

Plant and animal - cell gatekeeper, controls what goes in and out of the cell

27
Q

Cell Wall

A

plant, surrounds cell and maintains structure of the cell

28
Q

Lysosome

A

Plant and animal but mainly animal, aids with cell digestion and waste removal

29
Q

Large Central Vacuole

A

Plant, provides storage space for water, waste and other cellular materials

30
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Plant and animal, gel like fluid in the cell to support the cell organisms to function and stay in place

31
Q

Diffusion

A

constant, random movement of molecules of particles from high to low concentration

32
Q

Osmosis

A

Diffusion of water across semipermeable membranes

33
Q

Passive transport

A

membrane transport, movement of molecules or ions from higher to lower

34
Q

Selectively Permeable

A

let some things in and some things out

35
Q

Photosynthesis

A

plants change energy from sunlight to energy that is later used

36
Q

Cellular Respiration

A

The process a cell uses to get energy from glucose

37
Q

Chemical Equation for Photosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 6H2O —> C6H12O6 + 6O2

38
Q

Chemical Equation for Cellular Respiration

A

6O2 + C6H12O6 —> 6H2O + 6CO2

39
Q

Photosynthesis happens in the

A

chloroplasts

40
Q

Cellular Respiration happens in the

A

mitochondria

41
Q

Does cellular respiration happen in eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells?

A

Eukaryotic because prokaryotic do not have mitochondria

42
Q

Explain how photosynthesis and cellular respiration work together in plant cells.

A

Photosynthesis makes the glucose that is used in cellular respiration then the glucose is transformed back into carbon dioxide which is used in photosynthesis.

43
Q

Photosyntheis

A

takes place in chloroplasts, only done by producers, makes glucose and oxygen, uses sunlight, water, and CO2, is necessary for life processes

44
Q

Cellular Respiration

A

makes ATP, CO2, and water, takes place in mitochondria, uses oxygen and glucose, necessary for life processes

45
Q

Stages of the Cell Cycle

A

Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis

46
Q

Differences between animal and plant cells

A

Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole while animal cells lack these structures.

47
Q

Digestive System

A

Consists of the digestive track and several accessory organs. The purpose is to break down food into nutrients that can be used by cells. The circulatory system delivers the nutrients to the cells

48
Q

Nervous System

A

Nervous system is the control center body. It is made up of brain, nerves, and the spinal cord. A neuron is a nerve cell.

49
Q

Describe how the circulatory system and respiratory system work together.

A

They work together to deliver O2 to the body’s cells. The respiratory system brings in oxygen while the circulatory system delivers it. The gas exchange of O2 and CO2 takes place in the aioli

50
Q

How is the nucleus of the cell like the nervous system of the body?

A

The nervous system tells the other systems what to do just like the nucleus controls the other organelles

51
Q

Levels of biological organization

A

cells - tissues - organs- organs systems - organ systems - organisms

52
Q

When microscopes were invented, how did that change the classification system? Why would it change over time?

A

Scientists were able to see cells. They began to classify organisms based on the number of types of cells. The system will always change as new information is discovered.