Science: Matter Flashcards
What is an ELEMENT?
An element is a substance that only contains one type of atom, it is found on the Periodic Table
What is the smallest part that an element can be broken down into?
An atom is the smallest part of which an element can be broken down into
What are COMPOUNDS?
Compounds are formed when two or more different
elements chemically bond together
Are compounds HARD or EASY to separate?
Compounds are hard to separate and need a chemical reaction to do this
When naming a compound, what is the order the elements names on?
When naming a compound, we always mention the metal first and the non metal second
The name of the metal will not change but the name of the non metal will, for example oxygen can change to oxide
What are POLYMERS?
Polymers are long chains of groups of atoms which are repeated many times
Examples of NATURAL and SYNTHETIC polymers?
Natural polymers are not man-made and include wool, cotton, starch and rubber
Synthetic polymers are man-made and include polythene, polystyrene and nylon
What are GROUPS and PERIODS in the periodic table?
• Groups are the columns in the Periodic Table, they go downwards
• Periods are the rows in the Periodic Table, they go sideways
What are GROUP 0 elements?
+ describe
Group 0 elements are known as the noble gases
They are all non metals with low melting and boiling points, meaning all are gases at room temperature
The boiling point decreases going down the group
All of the group 0 elements are
least unreactive
When electricity is passed through the gas, they emit a brightly coloured light, this can be seen in neon signs
What are GROUP 1 elements?
+ describe
Group 1 elements are also known as the alkali metals
They share similar properties with other metals such as:
• Being shiny when freshly cut
- Being good conductors of electricity and heat
Group 1 metals are much softer than other metals and also have much lower melting and boiling points
Another trend seen in Group 1 is with the boiling and melting points: the further down the group, the lower the boiling and melting points are
GROUP 1 elements + water =
Group 1 elements react with water to form alkali solutions
lithium + water ➞ lithium hydroxide + hydrogen metal + water ➞ metal hydroxide + hydrogen
The further down the group that the metal is, the more vigorous the reaction will be. This is called a trend
What are GROUP 7 elements?
+ describe?
Group 7 elements are also known as the halogens
FLUORINE
CHLORINE
BROMINE
IODINE
They share similar properties with other non metals such as:
Having low melting and boiling points
Not conducting electricity
Moving down the groups the elements have an increased melting and boiling point
The most reactive halogens are at the top of the group, and the least reactive halogens are at the bottom of the group
What happens when halogens undergo displacement reactions?
Halogens can undergo displacement reactions, this is where a more reactive halogen will take the place of a less reactive halogen
