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Science Year 9 > Science Inquiry Skills > Flashcards

Science Inquiry Skills Flashcards

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1
Q

what is an investigation?

A

when scientists use both first and second hand data to reach conclusions about things in the world

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2
Q

what is an experiment?

A

testing a hypothesis under controlled conditions to find out if it is true

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3
Q

what is the scientific method?

A

a way of asking and answering questions based on observations.

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4
Q

the scientific method diagram

A

ask a question/make an observation - background research- hypothesis- conduct an experiment- analyse results and make a conclusion- is the hypothesis supported? yes- communicate results. no- go back to hypothesis, make new one.

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5
Q

what has to be considered when developing a testable question?

A

useful topic, make sure resources are available, able to be measured, adresses the aim

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6
Q

what is a variable?

A

a factor that may vary the outcome of an experiment

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7
Q

what is a fair test?

A

an experiment in which only one variable is tested at a time and includes only one independent variable

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8
Q

whats the independent variable?

A

the variable being intentionally changed to test its effect on the dependent variable

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9
Q

whats the dependent variable?

A

the variable being measured, changes according to the independent variable

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10
Q

what are controlled variables?

A

variables that are kept constant to ensure a fair test

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11
Q

what is a hypothesis?

A

an educated guess on the outcome of an experiment based on evidence and prior knowledge

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12
Q

what does the hypothesis identify?

A

the change in the independent variable and the expected change in the dependent

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13
Q

what is an inference?

A

a logical idea from an observation as to why the observation happens

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14
Q

what is a hazard?

A

anything that could cause harm

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15
Q

what is a risk assessment?

A

it identifies hazards, finds their likelihood, finds ways to reduce danger

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16
Q

what should you do whilst identifying risks?

A

consider the working environment, how youre using the equipmeng, materials being used, how they’ll be displosed of and clothing being worn

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17
Q

what are the 3 ways chemicals can enter the body?

A

ingestion, inhalation and absorption.

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18
Q

whats ingestion?

A

the chemical enters through the mouth and enters the bloodstream

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19
Q

whats inhalation?

A

breathed in, enters bloodstream through crossing the cell layer of the alveoli

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20
Q

whats absorption?

A

passes straight through skin

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21
Q

what should be done when working with any chemical?

A

identify chemical codes and dangers, read sds, protective clothing, wipe spills, wash hands, store properly

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22
Q

what do all hazardous chemicals have?

A

HAZCHEM codes

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23
Q

what does each hazchem sign have?

A

a distinctive colour, symbol and number

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24
Q

what are safety data sheets?

A

contains safety and first aid information about every chemical substance

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25
Q

what does an sds state?

A

name of chemical, names of its ingredients, properties, health hazard information, precautions, manufacturer or importers details

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26
Q

what is something considered unethical in the laboratory?

A

experimenting on humans with new drugs

27
Q

what are ethics to consider when experimenting with animals?

A

reduce number of animals used, replace by simulation, treat with care and respect, their welfare, refine experiment

28
Q

what has to be done when experimenting on humans?

A

details confidential, told the aim to give consent, agree to participate

29
Q

what are 3 things to consider when designing an experiment?

A

how will the independent variable be changed?, how will the dependent be measured?, how will the others be controlled?

30
Q

what does a fair test ensure?

A

that the results either support or refute the hypothesis

31
Q

whats the experimental group?

A

the group with the change in the independent being applied.

32
Q

whats the control group

A

the group without the change in the independent variable applied.

33
Q

when is an experiment reliable?

A

when the results can be reproduced multiple times

34
Q

how can reliability be improved?

A

by repeat trials and replication

35
Q

what are repeat trials?

A

doing the same experiment many times to ensure results reproduce

36
Q

whats replication?

A

conducting the experiment more than once at the same time

37
Q

how do you know when there have been uncontrolled variables?

A

there are significant differences in results

38
Q

whats a procedure?

A

a list of detailed steps written in past tense

39
Q

whats the data?

A

the results collected for the dependent variable

40
Q

what are the 2 firms of quantitative data?

A

continuous and discontinuous

41
Q

what are ways to present data?

A

tables, graphs, flow charts, pictures, diagrams

42
Q

what graph is good for discrete data?

A

column graph

43
Q

what graph is good for continuous data?

A

line

44
Q

what are descriptive statistics?

A

they are used to summarise, organise and describe data

45
Q

what is central tendency?

A

single values that allow you to describe a central position in a data set

46
Q

whats percentage change?

A

increases and decreases relative to the control group or starting point

47
Q

calculation of percentage change

A

final- original/original X 10

48
Q

whats percentage difference?

A

a measure of the precision of 2 measurements

49
Q

percentage difference calculation

A

measurement 1 - measurement 2/avg of measurements

50
Q

whats uncertainty?

A

a realistic range in which the true value is likely to be

51
Q

uncertainty calculation

A

range/ 2 (mean= value +_ value)

52
Q

what are systematic errors?

A

errors due to the way the experiment is designed

53
Q

what are random errors?

A

unpredictable errors that can occur in any experiment

54
Q

what does a discussion include?

A

explains results and their significance, support our refute hypothesis, what they mean, if question answered, new questions, design defects

55
Q

what are ethics?

A

a list of principles that can judge your actions as moral or not

56
Q

whats objective?

A

free of personal bias

57
Q

whats subjective?

A

influenced by personal views

58
Q

whats an observation?

A

something that had been noticed through the use of the 5 senses

59
Q

whats an outlier?

A

an abnormally high or low value in a data set

60
Q

whats processed data?

A

data that has been manipulated

61
Q

whats a risk assessment?

A

a systematic way of identifying potential risks

62
Q

whats a theory?

A

a scientific explanation supported by the experiment results obtained so far

63
Q

whats validity?

A

how well an experiment adheres to being a fair test

Science Year 9 (4 decks)

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