Science - Humans Flashcards
What is aerobic respiration?
Energy is released from glucose in every cell in an organism in the presence of oxygen
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water
What is anaerobic respiration?
Energy is released from glucose in every cell in an organism in the absence of oxygen
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals?
Glucose —> lactic acid
Can lactic acid be converted back to glucose?
Yes, but only when there is enough oxygen to do so
What is the oxygen needed to convert lactic acid back to glucose referred to as?
Oxygen debt
What is biotechnology?
Using biological processes for human purposes
What is fermentation?
The process of anaerobic respiration
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast?
Ethanol + carbon dioxide —> glucose
What is the breathing system used for?
It is used by the body to get enough oxygen needed for respiration, and to get rid of the waste product of respiration, carbon dioxide
What is inhalation?
Breathing in
What is exhalation?
Breathing out
Where does gas exchange take place?
In the alveoli - oxygen is transferred into the blood and carbon dioxide moves out of the blood. Each alveoli has a thin wall so that gas exchange between the lungs and the blood can take place quickly.
What is full expiration?
Very little air left in the lungs. Alveoli collapse, lung is shrunken, diaphragm is pulled upwards.
What is equilibrium?
Some air in lungs
What is full inspiration?
Lungs (alveoli) fully inflated, diaphragm pushed down
What are some alcohol risks?
Alcohol poisoning, accidents, injuries, aggression, violence, drug use, unprotected sex, appearance and side affects, mental health, vulnerability, education and truancy, liver damage.
What does alcohol do to you?
It contains ethanol which is a drug. Ethanol is quickly absorbed into your bloodstream, it travels into your brain and affects your nerves system. It then slows down body reactions - it’s a depressant drug.
What are drugs?
Chemical substances that affect the way your body works. They alter the chemical reactions that take place inside your body.
What are the two types of drugs?
Medicinal and recreational
What is a medicinal drug?
A drug used in medicine, usually prescribed by a doctor, which treats a condition or illness (some may have side affects).
What is a recreational drug?
Drugs that people take for enjoyment, because of peer pressure, to relieve stress and anxiety, to help them relax and stay awake, and many more… They have no health benefits, can be harmful, not prescribed by a doctor, many are illegal, and they can cause addiction.
Label the digestive system (click on the link)
https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/labelling_interactives/14-labelling-the-human-digestive-system
What is the function of the mouth?
To take in food
What is the function of the oesophagus?
Moves the food into the stomach
What is the function of the stomach?
Holds the food and mixes it with acid and enzymes that continue to break down into liquid or paste
What is the function of the small intestine?
Helps to further digest the food
What is the function of the large intestine?
Absorbs the water and changes waste from liquid to stool
What is the function of the rectum?
Receives stool from the colon
What is the function of the salivary glands?
Produces saliva
What is the function of the liver?
Purifies blood containing new absorbed nutrients
What is the function of the gall bladder?
Stores bile from the liver
What is the function of the pancreas?
Makes pancreatic juices called enzymes
How long is the digestive system?
9 metres
What is a digestive system?
A group of organs that work together to break down food
What are enzymes?
Chemicals that help break down food
What does amylase do?
Breaks down starch into sugar
What is starch?
A large molecule made up of lots of sugar molecules joined together. During digestion the sugar molecules are released and glucose molecules are left.
