Science (Genetics) Flashcards
What does DNA stand for
Deoxyribonucleic acid
where is DNA it located
Located in the nucleus of a cell
What is DNA made of
Made of subunits called nucleotides: Sugar, Phosphate, Nitrogen base
What does RNA stand for
Ribonucleic acid
WHat does RNA do
Helps DNA perform synthesis of proteins
What sugar does RNA have
Ribose
What sugar does DNA have
Sugar = deoxyribose
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
a long strand of RNA that folds up into a ball to make up part of a ribosome
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Copy of DNA that leaves the nucleus and goes to the ribosome where proteins are made. It is single stranded and complementary to the DNA template
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
mall, clover-leaf shape, RNA molecule that attaches a specific amino acid. It contains all the anti-codon of mRNA.
Codon - codes for a specific amino acid; 3 bases = a codon
Probability
the likelihood for something to occur
Punnet square
a chart that shows all the possible combinations of allele that can result in a genetic cross.
Phenotype
physical appearance (visible traits)
Genotype
genetic makeup (allele combinations)
Homozygous
When an organism has two identical alleles for a trait
Heterozygous
When an organism has two different alleles for a trait
Codominance
When the allele are nor dominant nor recessive so both alleles are expressed
Alleles
The different forms of a gene
Hybrids
two different alleles for a trait
Crossing over
Chromatids break, exchange segments and rejoin
Nondisjunction
Pairs of homologous chromosomes fail to separate
Polyploidy
A entire set of chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis
Deletions
A chromosome segment is lost
DNA Replication
semi conservative - When DNA is copied (semi conservative - each newly made DNA molecule has one original and one new strand of DNA)
Transcription
Rewrite DNA into mRNA
Translation
ribosome translate (mRNA →Protein)
