Global Final review Flashcards
What was Ancient Egypt’s Geography
Flooding –> silt —> fertal soil
Travel/trade
Sahara dessert
What was Mesopatiana’s Geography
-Fertile crescent
- Land between two rivers
- Plains - walled city’s
What were Mesopatiana’s Contributions
- Cuneiform - stylus - clay tablets
- Wheels
- Irrigation systems
- Clay bricks
- Social classes
- Trade
- Algebra, geometry, calendar
Where was Indus river valley located
India
what was Indus river valley Geography
Monsoons
what was Indus river valley Religion
- Polytheistic
- Animal/nature gods
what was Indus river valleys Government
- Mohenjo-Daro
- Harappa
-Well planed cities - Central government
what were Indus river valley contributions
- Written language (not deciphered yet)
- Indoor plumbing
- Clay bricks
- Cpttpm
- trade
What was China’s Geogrpahy
- Huang He - Yellow RIver - “river of sorrows”
- Middle kingdom
- Ethocentrism
What was China’s religion
- Many gods / spirits in nature
- Priests
- Oracle bones
What was China’s Government
- Dynasty
- Shang Dynasty is first dynasty
- Mandate of heaven
What were China’s Conreibutions
- Photographs
- Wooden cities
- Social classes (nobles and warriors )
What was the first set of written Laws
The code of Hammurabi
Bureaucracy
A system for managing government through department that are run by appointed officials
What dynasty did Emperor Shi Huangdi rule
Quin Dynasty
Who did this?
- United sections of china
- Unified country with a set of measurments
- Ruthless leader –> fallowed legalism
- Persicuted Confucian scholars to have power
- Begain building the great wall of china
Had a tomb built for himself with life-size terracotta statues of his army
Emperor Shi Huangdi
Direct Democracy
Citizens take a direct role in the day to day running of the government, for example voting for laws
Hellenistic
Greek Philosophy, Plays, Art, Science, Math and more contributions
Socrates
A Greek philosopher with a questioning method called “Socratic method”
Plato
A Greek philosopher who wrote about government. This writing was called “the republic”
Aristotle
A Greek philosopher who created the idea that “people learn through reason.”
What type of art was this:
- Columns; balance & simplicity; parthinon
- Human body shown in its most perfect form
Greek art
What ruled Rome
The senate
Who established the Roman empire also known as the pax Romana
Octavian (Augustus)
who was Julius ceaser
- He helped with hunger
- took lots of power
conquered many countries - tried to make himself king
made a calendar - he forced his allies out of pompey and france
gave people citizenship - was a dictator
What was the trade route that connected the Han dynasty and the Persian empire
The silk road
Constantine
A ruler who converted to christianity which changed rome.
Augustus
The first emperor of Rome.
Edict of Milan
the end of assasination to christians in Rome.
What led the roman empire to fall
- Government became too strict
- High taxes
- Too big and hard to control
- Disease and war
- People become selfish and lazy
Animism - location
- Africa
- Shang china
- Shinto - Japanise Verizon with shrines
Animism - Major beliefs
- followers believe they are impacted by deceased ancestors and spirits in nature.
- Prayer is important because they influence the acts of the gods and the spirits of ancestor and nature
- belief in spirits
Hinduism - Location
India
Hinduism - Major beliefs
- Reincarnation is the rebirth of the soul in a new body. It allows people to continue their joourney to moksha.
- Why does karma and Dharma matter? :
You must fallow your Dharma (rules and duties of your caste) to have good karma (your destiny)
Buddhism - Location
Began in India but spread to China, S.E, Asia and japan
Buddhism - Major beliefs
The four noble truths:
- All life is suffering
- Suffering is caused by desires
- Way to eliminate suffering is to eliminate desires
- Fallow the 8 fold path to overcome desires
Buddha is called the enlightened one because through meditation he descovered the “four noble truths”
- He is the founder of Buddhism
- Real name is Siddhartha Gautama an Indian Prince
Confusionism - Location
China
Confusionism - Major beliefs
the 5 relationships:
Social order is vital
- ruler - subject
- husband - wife
- older - younger
- father - son
- Friend = friend
Education is the road to advancement in society
filial piety
Respect for elders
the 5 relationships:
- ruler - subject
- husband - wife
- older - younger
- father - son
- Friend = friend
Judaism - Locaton
Israel
Judaism - Major beliefs
- Monotheism
- Ten commandments written in the Torah
Jerusalem
Holy city
Diaspora
forced from homeland
Christianity - Location
Began in palistine; spread throughout the roman empire and Europe
Christianity - Major beliefs
- Monotheism
- jesus
- Faith leads to heaven
Islam - location
Arabian peninsula
Islam - Major beliefs
5 Pilar’s of Islam:
- Faith in one god
- Fast during Ramadan
- Hajj to Mecca
- Charity
- Pray 5x a day
Mohammad:
The prophet - he was given Allah’s final message to spread, established control over Arabian peninsula, future leaders create Islamic empire throughout the middle east by going to jihad
- Koran = holy book
5 Pilar’s of Islam:
- Faith in one god
- Fast during Ramadan
- Hajj to Mecca
- Charity
- Pray 5x a day
Mohammad
The prophet - he was given Allah’s final message to spread, established control over Arabian peninsula, future leaders create Islamic empire throughout the middle east by going to jihad
Taoism
(founder and beliefs)
- Lao Zi
- Ying and yang
The gupta empire
Came after the Mauryan empire - this empire existed from 321 BC - 185 BC. The Mauryan dynasty’s most famous leader was asoka. It had schools and libraries and asoka spread the Buddhist religion.
How did Hinduism affect the society of the gupta empire
Most Indian people lived in small villages, where Hindu ideas about caste and family regulated society. Woman were increasingly excluded from participation in government
What did the Gupta empire achomplish
- Mathamatics (concept of zero and Arabic numerals)
- Medicine (Used herbs and other remedies)
- Architechture (Hindu temples were built and Buddhist architects)
- Literature (fables and folk stories were written)
Difine Patriarchal
Indian family’s were Patriarchal - the father or oldest male was the head of the household. Heads of families held great power.
Tang and song dynasty’s achomplishments
- The silk road
- Moveable type of printing press
- Magnetic compass
- mechanical clocks
Tang and song dynasty’s (each level of society)
1st –> Gentry:
- Wealthy landowners study confucian ideas. Some become civil servants
2nd –> Pesants
- Most Chinese are Pesants are farmers who work the land and live in small villages
3rd –> Merchants
- Lower status because they were wealthy off of the buying and selling the work of other people. Some bought land and educated children to join the gentry
Byzantine empire
Eastern half of the Roman empire
What was the capital of thee byzantine empire
Constantinople
Orthodox Christian church
- Christian church of the byzantine empire
- Patriarch of Constantinople leads the entire church organization
- priests can marry
- pray to icons
- originally part of the cristiann church of Rome
What was the great schism
Christian church divides ito the Roman chuurch and eastern church
What are some differences between the sunnis and the Shiites/shia
Sunnis:
- Caliph (successor) should be chosen by Muslim leaders
- The Caliph should be a religious leader
- Today 80% of muslims are sunni
Shiites/Shia:
- Caliph should be a descendant of muhammad
- Descendents are divinely inspired
- sunnis and Shia muslims have dominated each other at different times in different countries, such as Iraq
Shintoism
Japanise religion that stresses love of nature, kami - spirits in nature
Bushido
Samurai code of conduct
The Tokugawa shogunate __________ Japan from the outside world
The Tokugawa shogunate isolated Japan from the outside world
What’s a guild
A trade association (like a trade union) that maintains quality of goods, trains apprentices and controls prices
Humanism
- Studied the secular world
- Focused on human achievements
- examined the texts studied by the Greeks and Romans
Bantu Migrations
Migration of Banyu speaking people - nomadic farmers - from West Africa throughout southern Africa spreading their language and iron technology
Mansa Musa
A extremely wealthy man. His journey to meeca (Hajj) took over one year to complete. He traveled with thousands of people and camels. He dazzled people with mali’s wealth at each city or oasis he encountered. He gave gifts to local leaders and gave Charity to the poor.
What is a guild
A trade association (like a trade union) that maintains quality of goods, trains apprentices and controls prices.
English common law
law that is the same for all people; common law comes from the decisions of court cases
Magna Carta
1215 document signed by king john a document that put limits on the king’s power, example the monarch must obey the law and that the monarch could not raise taxes without first consulting the lords and clergy
Parliament
The lords and cleregy organized into a representative assembly. Kings needed to get funding with parlements approval, stregthening the assemblers power.
Shang Dynasty
First dynasty
Vasco de Gama
Traveled around Africa to India. Travelled from Portugal.
Ferdinand Magellan
Led first voyage of ships to circumnavigate the globe
Christopher columbus
Sailed the ocean and encountered the Americans
Who did Hernando cortes conqor
The Aztecs
who did Franciscoo Pizarro conqor
The Incas
Mexico
Aztecs
Peru
Incas
why was Hernando cortes and Francisco Pizarro succsessful
- Spanish had armor horses and weapons
- Spanish allied with enemies of the Aztects and Incas
- Diseases brought by the Europeans killed millions of native Americans (smallpox)
