science - fossil fuels

Question 1

What is energy

Answer 1

• energy is the ability to do work or to make change
• energy is invisible
• everything we do involves energy

Question 2

name two energies

Answer 2

• potential
• kenetic

Question 3

what is potential energy

Answer 3

• potential energy is stored
• this energy can be used at any time
• ex - a car filled with fuel

Question 4

what is kinetic energy

Answer 4

• kinetic is used
• this energy is used by moving objects
• ex - a moving car

Question 5

what is a fossil fuel

Answer 5

• fossil fuels are remains of creature that lived a long time ago
• a fuel is a source of energy
• without fossil fuels most cars, lights and the heating of homes wouldn’t work
• most of energy to function these things come from fossil fuels
• they are a nonrenewable source of energy

Question 6

types of fossil fuels LSG

Answer 6

L - oil
S - coal
G - natural gas

Question 7

how are fossil fuels formed

Answer 7

• Fossil fuels form from the remains of ancient plants and animals buried by sediment. Over millions of years, heat and pressure turn these remains into coal, oil, or natural gas.

Question 8

what is the periodic table

Answer 8

• information about all known elements
• new elements can be introduced
• it is split into 2 sections
• metal and non-metals

Question 9

special features of the periodic table

Answer 9

• most metals are solid at room temperature
• a period refelcts how many energy levels/shells of electrons are in the atom

Question 10

what are atoms made up of

Answer 10

• protons
• neutrons
• electrons

Question 11

what is an element

Answer 11

• substance that are up of partials (atoms)
• there are over 100 known substances which are made up of one specific atom which is called elements

Question 12

what are fossil fuels and elements

Answer 12

• the main elements in fossil fuels are carbon
• when we burn fossil fuels carbon is released into the atmosphere through different forms

Question 13

how are particles arranged

Answer 13

• the protons and neutrons exist in the nucleus
• around the outside are very thinly spread electrons
• these electrons exist in energy levels called shells

Question 14

what is an atomic number

Answer 14

the number of protons in are atom is known as its atomic number

Question 15

what is atomic mass

Answer 15

• the atomic mass is how heavy it is
• we don’t count electrons because they are to small and light

Question 16

what is separation

Answer 16

• separation is an extraction separating different components in the same substance

Question 17

what is distillation

Answer 17

distillation is a separation technique that can be used to separate two liquids that can be mixed (soluble) or a solid and a liquid (insoluble)

Question 18

what is the process of distillation

Answer 18

• heat solution until boil
• steam rises
• steam condenses back into liquid
• collect liquid

Question 19

what is crude oil

Answer 19

• natural fossil fuel formed from ancient plants and animals
• it is a mixture of hydrocarbons that can be separated to provide lots of materials

Question 20

what is fractional distillation

Answer 20

• separates crude oil into different useful substances
• soluble liquids must have different boiling points
• small molecules have a low boiling point
• long molecules have a high boiling point

Question 21

what is combustion

Answer 21

process of burning a fuel to give energy

Question 22

what is a compound

Answer 22

these are formed when different elements are chemically combined

Question 23

what is a chemical reaction

Answer 23

when a chemical structure of a substance is changed to form a new compound

Question 24

what is metal combustion

Answer 24

• when metal is placed in fire we form metal oxide, which is the metal reacting with oxygen (air)