science - fossil fuels Flashcards
What is energy
- energy is the ability to do work or to make change
- energy is invisible
- everything we do involves energy
name two energies
- potential
- kenetic
what is potential energy
- potential energy is stored
- this energy can be used at any time
- ex - a car filled with fuel
what is kinetic energy
- kinetic is used
- this energy is used by moving objects
- ex - a moving car
what is a fossil fuel
- fossil fuels are remains of creature that lived a long time ago
- a fuel is a source of energy
- without fossil fuels most cars, lights and the heating of homes wouldn’t work
- most of energy to function these things come from fossil fuels
- they are a nonrenewable source of energy
types of fossil fuels LSG
L - oil
S - coal
G - natural gas
how are fossil fuels formed
- Fossil fuels form from the remains of ancient plants and animals buried by sediment. Over millions of years, heat and pressure turn these remains into coal, oil, or natural gas.
what is the periodic table
- information about all known elements
- new elements can be introduced
- it is split into 2 sections
- metal and non-metals
special features of the periodic table
- most metals are solid at room temperature
- a period refelcts how many energy levels/shells of electrons are in the atom
what are atoms made up of
- protons
- neutrons
- electrons
what is an element
- substance that are up of partials (atoms)
- there are over 100 known substances which are made up of one specific atom which is called elements
what are fossil fuels and elements
- the main elements in fossil fuels are carbon
- when we burn fossil fuels carbon is released into the atmosphere through different forms
how are particles arranged
- the protons and neutrons exist in the nucleus
- around the outside are very thinly spread electrons
- these electrons exist in energy levels called shells
what is an atomic number
the number of protons in are atom is known as its atomic number
what is atomic mass
- the atomic mass is how heavy it is
- we don’t count electrons because they are to small and light
what is separation
- separation is an extraction separating different components in the same substance
what is distillation
distillation is a separation technique that can be used to separate two liquids that can be mixed (soluble) or a solid and a liquid (insoluble)
what is the process of distillation
- heat solution until boil
- steam rises
- steam condenses back into liquid
- collect liquid
what is crude oil
- natural fossil fuel formed from ancient plants and animals
- it is a mixture of hydrocarbons that can be separated to provide lots of materials
what is fractional distillation
- separates crude oil into different useful substances
- soluble liquids must have different boiling points
- small molecules have a low boiling point
- long molecules have a high boiling point
what is combustion
process of burning a fuel to give energy
what is a compound
these are formed when different elements are chemically combined
what is a chemical reaction
when a chemical structure of a substance is changed to form a new compound
what is metal combustion
- when metal is placed in fire we form metal oxide, which is the metal reacting with oxygen (air)
