Science Finals Sem1 Flashcards
_____ is a type of protein that speeds up a reaction
enzyme
the shape of an enzyme is directly related to its
function
what molecules contain carbon (organic compounds)
cellulose, amino acids, lipids
the sugar in DNA is _______, but in RNA it is ______
Deoxyribose, Ribose
what are the three parts of a nucleotide?
Deoxyribose (sugar), phosphate group, nitrogen base
chromosomes are divided into sections called ______ that code for a particular protein that becomes a particular ______
Genes, Trait
DNA copies itself by using helicase to separate the weak _______ bonds
Hydrogen
put the following in order:
___proteins ____DNA ___RNA
3, 1, 2,
put the following in order
_____DNA sequence ____Amino acid sequence ____Protein shape ___Protein function ____Trait or characteristic
1 2 3 4 5
_____ makes proteins
Ribosomes
then they go to the _______ which bends them into shape
endoplasmic reticulum
finally to the ______ ______ which packages them for shipment
Golgi apparatus
proteins are controlled by certain ______ in the ______
genes, dna
HHH syndrome is a recessive autosomal genetic disorder that results in the excessive buildup of ammonia in the blood stream. It is caused by a defective enzyme. This was most likely caused by a change in the _______ sequence which resulted in an enzyme with the wrong _______ and it can’t complete its __________.
DNA protein function
human insulin is difficult to produce without harvesting the pancreas from bodies. Scientists have transferred a human insulin gene into bacteria. This can be done easily as long as the nitrogen bases line up
The bacteria is now producing the _______ protein due to the transfer of the _______.
Insulin Insulin Gene
name the process in which genetic material is exchanged between chromatids during meiosis
crossing over
why is meiosis important?
it changes the chromosome number from DIPLOID to HAPLOID. it also INCREASES the variations in the offspring
2 reasons why cells undergo mitosis?
growth and repair of damaged tissues
mutations found in _______ cells cannot be transferred to offspring. whereas mutations found in _______ can be transferred to the child
Somatic, Gametes
four examples of environmental factors that can cause mutations
Radiation, chemicals, asbestos, cigarette smoke, virus
5 examples of genetic changes that can cause mutations.
insertion, deletion, substitution, translocation, nondisjunction
any mutation leading to a genetic disorder is due to a change in the sequence of _________
DNA
