Genetics Flashcards
Father of Genetics
Gregor Mendel
Passing of traits from parents to offspring
Heredity
P Generation
Parent Generation
F1 Generation
First generation of offspring
F2 Generation
second generation of offspring
Genetic material that controls an organisms physical traits
Genes
2 Dominant alleles
Homozygous Dominant
2 Recessive Alleles
Homozygous Recessive
1 dominant allele, 1 recessive allele
Heterozygous
TT
Homozygous Dominant Genotype
tt
Homozygous Recessive Genotype
Tt
Heterozygous Genotype
Refers to genes or alleles
Genotype
Physical traits of an organism
Phenotype
Parents sex cells will have one copy of each allele (alleles will separate during meiosis)
Law of Segregation
Genes that are inherited together because they are close to each other on a chromosome (ex: red hair pale skin)
Linked Genes
Genes blend together
(Ex: RR+WW=RW)
Incomplete Dominance
Both dominant alleles contribute to phenotype
Codominance
Traits that are determined by many genes (ex: eye color, height weight)
Polygenic Inheritance
Gametes only get one copy of each gene
Law of Independent Assortment
Affects X Chromosome, only affects females, affects 70,000 females
Turner Syndrome
Affects chromosome 5, affects 50,000 people per year
Cri-du-chat Syndrome
Affects X chromosomes, affects 200,000 people
Fragile X Syndrome
Heart Defects, Kidney Defects, Ear Infections
Symptoms of Turner Syndrome
Voice Abnormalities, Cat Cry, Intellectual Disability
Symptoms of Cri-Du-Chat Syndrome
Neurological speech impairment, ADHD, Large Forehead
Symptoms of Fragile X Syndrome
