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Lit Comp Final Study Guide > Science Final Study Guide > Flashcards

Science Final Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

The crust and upper mantle make up Earth’s?

A

lithosphere

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2
Q

Plates of the lithosphere float on the?

A

asthenosphere

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3
Q

The hypothesis that continents have slowly moved to their current locations is called ?

A

continental drift

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4
Q

Plates move apart at (blank) boundaries

A

Divergent

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5
Q

Plates slide past one another at (blank) Plate Boundaries

A

Transform

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6
Q

Evidence of plate movement occurs at plate (blank)

A

Boundaries

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7
Q

The boundary between moving together is called?

A

Convergent Boundaries

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8
Q

Continental drift states that continents have moved (blank or blank) to their current location.

A

Quickly or Slowly

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9
Q

Scientists believe that differences in the material’s
(blank) cause hot, molten rock magma in the asthenosphere to rise toward Earth’s surface.

A

Density

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10
Q

A graduated cylinder is used to measure?

A

Liquid Volume

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11
Q

An educated guess about something is a?

A

hypothesis

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12
Q

Before making a hypothesis a scientist should first do some?

A

Research

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13
Q

Conclusions to scientific experiments should be based on precise?

A

Measurements & Tests

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14
Q

The amount of space that an object occupies or the amount of space it contains is called its?

A

Volume

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15
Q

The amount of matter an object has in a given space (g/cm3) is called its ?

A

Density

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16
Q

Name 6 types of renewable energy?

A

Tidal, Biomass, Solar, Hydro, Geothermal, Wind

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17
Q

List the 6 main steps of the Scientific Method, in order

A

Problem, Research, Hypothesis, Experiment, Analyze, Conclusion

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18
Q

The curve of the liquid in a graduated cylinder that is used to determine the volume is called the?

A

Meniscus

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19
Q

The standard by which the results of an experiment can be compared is called the?

A

Control

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20
Q

The process by which large sediments are glued together by dissolved minerals to form rock?

A

Cementation

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21
Q

Scientists discovered changes in Earth’s interior by studying?

A

Changes in seismic waves

22
Q

What is the point on the surface of the earth directly above the earthquake’s focus?

A

Epicenter

23
Q

Sedimentary rocks are formed by what processes?

A

Compaction & Cementation

24
Q

The rock cycle is a ___________ process

A

Continuous

25
Q

Soil is a mixture of weathered rock, mineral fragments, water, air and ___(blank)

A

decayed organic matter

26
Q

The rate of weathering depends primarily upon the area’s ?

A

Climate

27
Q

Ice wedging is brought about by?

A

repeated freezing and thawing of water

28
Q

Mechanical weathering is the________ by physical processes

A

breaking down of rock

29
Q

What is Chemical weathering?

A

a chemical reaction dissolving or changing the minerals in rocks

30
Q

Name 3 things that can affect the rate of soil erosion?

A

removal of vegetation (by humans or animals), amount of rain, slope of land

31
Q

To reduce erosion, people can plant ?

A

Vegetation

32
Q

Erosion caused by the sandblasting effect of windblown sediments is called?

A

Abrasion

33
Q

Oxidation occurs when materials containing ________________ are exposed to oxygen and water

A

Iron

34
Q

Conduction is the transfer of energy through?

A

movement of molecules through direct contact

35
Q

Radiation is the transfer of energy through ?

A

Waves or Rays

36
Q

Convection is the transfer of energy through?

A

the movement of a heated fluid

37
Q

What is the source of all energy in our atmosphere?

A

The Sun

38
Q

The ____ is the layer of the atmosphere nearest to Earth’s surface.

A

troposphere

39
Q

Atmospheric pressure ______ as you move upward away from sea level.

A

decreases

40
Q

The ____ contains the highest concentration of ozone.

A

stratosphere

41
Q

Some scientists hypothesize that Earth’s ozone layer is being damaged by?

A

chlorofluorocarbons

41
Q

If the ozone layer disappeared, life on Earth would be exposed to ____ concentrations of ultraviolet radiation.

A

higher

42
Q

Cold air takes up __________ space than warm air.

A

less

43
Q

Explain how the salinity remains constant in the oceans.

A

Fresh water is constantly being evaporated from oceans leaving the salt behind. Rivers are constantly replacing the fresh water as they flow into the oceans.

44
Q

What is the source of all energy on Earth? Explain how the energy is transferred.

A

The Sun. Energy from the sun is transferred as radiation in rays or waves. Then it warms the land, and the air heats up due to conduction (direct contact) and then convection moves the air masses around because warmer less dense air is forced upward when the cooler more dense air sinks, and the cycle of warming and cooling occurs.

45
Q

__________ is the measure of the amount of water vapor that the air is holding compared to the amount needed for saturation at a specific temperature.

A

Relative humidity

46
Q

What would happen to the Earth if the ozone layer were to disappear?

A

The earth would be exposed to higher concentrations of ultraviolet radiation. Eventually all life as we know it would cease to exist.

47
Q

Explain the different currents, how they form and what powers them:?

A

Surface currents: top part of the ocean- powered by winds

Density currents: Lowest deep water currents- affected by temperature, salinity, and pressure

48
Q

Explain the difference between waves and currents. Include what would happen to an object floating on both.

A

Waves: movement of energy- not water particles, and object would remain in about the same place.

Currents: actual moving water- an object would float along the same way the current flows.

49
Q

Explain the difference between weather and climate.

A

Weather is the day to day changes in the atmosphere.

Climate is the weather over an extended period of time.

Lit Comp Final Study Guide (3 decks)

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