Science Final Exam - trimester 1 Flashcards
characteristics of all living things
- organized
- grow and develop
- reproduce
- respond
- maintain internal conditions
- use energy
a thing with all the characteristics of life
organism
all living things are made up of at least one ___
cell
the smallest unit of life
cell
an organism made of only one cell is
unicellular
an organism made of many cells is
multicellular
changes that occur in an organism during its lifetime
development
the process by which one organism makes one or more new organisms
reproduction
a change in the environment that prompts a response
stimulus
hunger and thirst are __ stimuli
internal
light and temperature are __ stimuli
external
ability to maintain steady internal conditions
homeostasis
three ways that cells use energy
- transport substances
- make new cells
- perform chemical reactions
the energy organisms use originally came from the
sun
three things all plant cells have
- cell wall
- chloroplasts
- central vacuole
stiff structure outside a plant cell membrane
cell wall
organelle where photosynthesis takes place
chloroplast
organelle where food, water and waste are stored
central vacuole
flexible barrier outside all cells
cell membrane
short, hairlike structures that help a cell move
cilia
fluid that fills the cell
cytoplasm
gives framework to a cell and helps it move
cytoskeleton
organelle that contains DNA and controls the cell
nucleus
where proteins are made
ribosome
organelle that removes harmful substances
smooth ER
organelle that releases energy
mitochondrion
organelle that prepares proteins for their jobs
Golgi apparatus
organelle that carries substances around the cell
vesicles
organelle that breaks down and recycles cell parts
lysosomes
movement of substances from an area of high concentration to lower concentration
diffusion
transport proteins that carry large molecules across the membrane
carrier proteins
when the concentration of a substance is the same in two areas
equilibrium
when a cell takes in a substance by surrounding it with its membrane
endocytosis
diffusion of water
osmosis
when molecules pass through a cell membrane through proteins
facilitated diffusion
transport proteins that form pores through a cell membrane
channel proteins
movement of substances through a cell membrane using energy
active transport
proteins that help move molecules through a membrane
transport protein
when a cell’s vesicles release their contents outside the cell
exocytosis
a cell membrane is __ because it only allows certain substances to cross
semipermeable
movement of substances across a membrane without using any energy
passive transport
cellular respiration converts __ to __
sugar energy to ATP
organelle where cellular respiration takes place
cytoplasm and mitochondria
during glycolysis, __ gets broken down
glucose
three things produced during the second step of respiration
water, carbon dioxide, water
what do plant cells use to produce glucose and oxygen
carbon dioxide and water
what is reflected by a plant to make it look green
green light :)
when an animal eats a plant, it takes in
food energy in the form of glucose
what molecules are involved in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration
oxygen, glucose, carbon dioxide, water
two main phases of the cell cycle
interphase and mitotic
phase of the cell cycle when chromatin is duplicated
interphase (specifically, the S phase)
phase of the cell cycle when mitosis and cytokinesis occur
mitotic phase
during mitosis, the __ divides
nucleus
during cytokinesis, the __ divides
cytoplasm
in a chromosome there are __
two sister chromatids
at the end of the cell cycle, __ new daughter cells are produced and they are __ to each other
2, identical
a __ organism reproduces using the cell cycle
unicellular
why does a multicellular organism use the cell cycle?
- growth
- development
- repair damaged cells
what are the three stages of interphase?
G1, S, G2
what are the two stages of mitotic phase?
mitosis and cytokinesis
what happens during the G1 phase?
growth and development
what happens during the S phase?
DNA synthesis (copying)
what happens during the G2 phase?
cells get ready for mitosis
DNA in G1 is called
chromatin
after DNA is duplicated, it looks like an __ shape and is called a __
X shape, chromosome
