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8th Final Exams > Science Final Exam > Flashcards

Science Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is organic chemistry?

A

The study of organic compounds.

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2
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

An organic compound that consisting entirely of carbon and hydrogen.

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3
Q

What are Alkane, Alkene, Alkyne compounds?

A

Alkane compounds contain single bonds, Alkene compounds contain double bonds and Alkyne compounds contain triple bonds.

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4
Q

An organic compound is?

A

A compound that contains carbon.

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5
Q

What is a substituted hydrocarbon?

A

A hydrocarbon that has at least one hydrocarbon that ha seen replaced by one other element

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6
Q

What is a non metal replacement?

A

A substituted hydrocarbon where hydrogen atoms are replaced by non metal atoms

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7
Q

What is an alcohol?

A

A substituted hydrocarbon hydrocarbon where at least one hydrogen is replaced by a hydroxyl group (OL)

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8
Q

What is an organic acid?

A

A substituted hydrocarbon that has hydrogen atoms replaced by a carboxyl group (COOH)

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9
Q

What is an ester?

A

A substituted hydrocarbon is created when an alcohol and organic react
(Esters give fruit their smell)

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10
Q

What is an isomer?

A

2 compounds that have the same chemical formula but different structural

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11
Q

Explain what makes an organic compound.

A

An organic compound is a compound that contains carbon

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12
Q

What makes carbon so versatile?

A
  • 4 valence electrons so it is able to make infinitely long chains of itself
  • Can bond covalently
  • Non metal
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13
Q

What are the three main formations of carbon?

A
  • Straight chain
  • Branched chain
  • Rings 5 carbon, rings 6 carbon
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14
Q

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons and what are the names for all three types?

A

Saturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons that only contain single bonds. Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain at least one double or triple bond.

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15
Q

What are the five main properties of hydrocarbons?

A
  1. Low melting and boiling points
  2. Liquids or gases at room temperature
  3. Liquids have strong odors
  4. Liquids do not conduct electricity
  5. Do not dissolve in water
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16
Q

How do you convert Alkanes into Alkenes and Alkynes?

A

Add a double bond/triple bond.

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17
Q

What is the differences between all 4 of the substituted hydrocarbons?

A

The differences is the different groups that are added.

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18
Q

How do you convert a saturated hydrocarbon into a substituted hydrocarbon?

A

Have a hydrogen that is replaced by another element.

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19
Q

How do you combine an alcohol and organic acid to make an ester?

A

Combine an alcohol and an organic acid and take out an H2O

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20
Q

What is a physical change?

A

A change that alters the appearance of a substance but is still the same substance.

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21
Q

What is a chemical change?

A

A change that turns a substance into a new substance.

Bonds must break

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22
Q

What is a chemical reaction?

A

Where two substances bond to make a new one.

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23
Q

What is a precipitate?

A

A solid created by mixing liquids.

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24
Q

What is an endothermic reaction?

A

An endothermic reaction needs heat to run the reaction.

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25
Q

What is an exothermic reaction?

A

An exothermic reaction produces heat as it happens.

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26
Q

What is a chemical equation?

A

A way to represent a chemical reaction using a formula

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27
Q

What is a reactant?

A

What goes into a reaction

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28
Q

What is a product?

A

What is left when after a reaction occurs

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29
Q

What is an open system?

A

A system where particles are free to roam

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30
Q

What is a closed system?

A

A system in which no matter can escape

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31
Q

What is a synthesis reaction?

A

Two or more compounds that combine together to make a larger compound

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32
Q

What is a decomposition reaction?

A

A large compound that breaks into two smaller compounds

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33
Q

What is a single replacement reaction?

A

One element replaces another in a reaction

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34
Q

What is a double replacement reaction?

A

Two compounds switch partners in a reaction

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35
Q

What is activation energy?

A

The energy needed to begin a reaction

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36
Q

What is concentration?

A

How many reactants are in a certain volume

37
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

Something that propels a reaction and makes it react faster

38
Q

What is an inhibitor?

A

A substance that slows down or prevents a reaction

39
Q

What are the four signs of a chemical change?

A

Change in appearance
Change in energy
Formation of a precipitate
Production of gas

40
Q

What does an increase in temperature do to a reaction?

A

The speed of the reaction increases

41
Q

What does an increase in concentration do to a reaction?

A

It makes it bigger longer and faster

42
Q

What does an increase is surface area do?

A

Makes the reaction faster and shorter

43
Q

What is the law of conservation matter of matter?

A

Matter cannot be created nor destroyed, only changed

44
Q

What is a mixture?

A

A combination of two or more substances that are not bonded together

45
Q

What is a solution?

A

A mixture that contains a solvent and at least one solute

46
Q

What is a solvent?

A

The substance at is dissolving

47
Q

What is a solute?

A

The substance being dissolved

48
Q

What is a colloid?

A

A mixture that contains small dissolved particles that cant be easily separated

49
Q

What is a suspension?

A

A mixture that contains large dissolved particles that can be easily separated

50
Q

What is a dilute solution?

A

A solution where there is a small amount of solute

51
Q

What is a concentrated solution?

A

A solution where there is a large amount of solute

52
Q

What is solubility?

A

The amount of solute a specific solvent can dissolve at a specific temperature

53
Q

What is a saturated solution?

A

A solution where no more solute can be dissolved

54
Q

What is an acid?

A

A substance that produces hydrogen ions when put in a solution

55
Q

What is a base?

A

A substance that produces hydroxide ions when put in a solution

56
Q

What does corrosive mean?

A

Harmful to metals

57
Q

What is the pH scale?

A

A scale that goes from 0-14 measuring e concentration of hydrogen ions.
0-6.9 Acid
7 Neutral
7.1-14 Base

58
Q

What is an indicator?

A

A substance that changes color in the presence of a base or acid

59
Q

What is a neutralization reaction?

A

A reaction between acid and a base that produces salt and water

60
Q

What 3 factors

A

Temperature, pressure and type of solvent

61
Q

How does temperature affect solubility?

A

Increases solubility in liquids and solids

Decreases solubility in gases

62
Q

How does pressure affect solubility?

A

Increase in pressure increases solubility in gases

63
Q

How does type of solvent affect solubility?

A

Polar dissolved polar

Non polar dissolves non polar

64
Q

What has to be true about about a base and acid to cause a neutralization reaction?

A

They have to be opposites on the pH scale

65
Q

What is the universal solvent?

A

Water

66
Q

What depends the strength of an acid of a base?

A

It’s ability to produce ions

67
Q

What are the characteristics of a base?

A

Taste bitter, they are slippery, they are non corrosive and turns red litmus paper blue

68
Q

What are the characteristics of an acid?

A

Taste sour, burns, is corrosive, turns blue litmus paper red

69
Q

What are examples of indicators?

A

Litmus paper, cabbage water

70
Q

Define a wave?

A

A disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another

71
Q

What is a vibration?

A

The repeated up and down side to side

72
Q

What is an electromagnetic wave?

A

A wave that transfers energy through a field

73
Q

What is a mechanical wave?

A

Any wave that requires matter to move?

74
Q

What is a field?

A

An area around an object that can exert force?

75
Q

What is wavelength?

A

The length between crests?

76
Q

What is amplitude?

A

The height from mid point to crest

77
Q

What is frequency?

A

The amount of waves that pass a given place in a specific amount of time

78
Q

What is the crest of a wave?

A

The highest point of a wave

79
Q

What is a trough?

A

The lowest point of a wave

80
Q

What is a transverse wave?

A

A wave that travels perpendicular to what created it

81
Q

What is a longitudinal wave?

A

A wave that travels the same direction as the force that created it

82
Q

What is refraction?

A

The bending of a wave when it travels from one matter to another

83
Q

What is diffraction?

A

The spreading out of a wave after traveling through an opening

84
Q

How are electromagnetic waves created and what are some examples of them?

A

They are created by the movement of protons and electrons, examples of some would be visible light and ultraviolet light

85
Q

What is an a example of a transverse wave?

A

Shaking a rope

86
Q

What is an example of a longitudinal wave?

A

A bell

87
Q

What is the relation between the size of an opening and diffraction?

A

The smaller the opening the more spread out the waves it will become after being defeated

88
Q

What is constructive interference?

A

When waves meet crest to crest and the amplitude becomes bigger

89
Q

What is destructive interference?

A

When waves meet trough to amplitude and it becomes smaller

8th Final Exams (6 decks)

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