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Science Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is organic chemistry?

A

The study of organic compounds.

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2
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

An organic compound that consisting entirely of carbon and hydrogen.

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3
Q

What are Alkane, Alkene, Alkyne compounds?

A

Alkane compounds contain single bonds, Alkene compounds contain double bonds and Alkyne compounds contain triple bonds.

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4
Q

An organic compound is?

A

A compound that contains carbon.

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5
Q

What is a substituted hydrocarbon?

A

A hydrocarbon that has at least one hydrocarbon that ha seen replaced by one other element

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6
Q

What is a non metal replacement?

A

A substituted hydrocarbon where hydrogen atoms are replaced by non metal atoms

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7
Q

What is an alcohol?

A

A substituted hydrocarbon hydrocarbon where at least one hydrogen is replaced by a hydroxyl group (OL)

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8
Q

What is an organic acid?

A

A substituted hydrocarbon that has hydrogen atoms replaced by a carboxyl group (COOH)

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9
Q

What is an ester?

A

A substituted hydrocarbon is created when an alcohol and organic react
(Esters give fruit their smell)

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10
Q

What is an isomer?

A

2 compounds that have the same chemical formula but different structural

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11
Q

Explain what makes an organic compound.

A

An organic compound is a compound that contains carbon

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12
Q

What makes carbon so versatile?

A
  • 4 valence electrons so it is able to make infinitely long chains of itself
  • Can bond covalently
  • Non metal
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13
Q

What are the three main formations of carbon?

A
  • Straight chain
  • Branched chain
  • Rings 5 carbon, rings 6 carbon
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14
Q

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons and what are the names for all three types?

A

Saturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons that only contain single bonds. Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain at least one double or triple bond.

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15
Q

What are the five main properties of hydrocarbons?

A
  1. Low melting and boiling points
  2. Liquids or gases at room temperature
  3. Liquids have strong odors
  4. Liquids do not conduct electricity
  5. Do not dissolve in water
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16
Q

How do you convert Alkanes into Alkenes and Alkynes?

A

Add a double bond/triple bond.

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17
Q

What is the differences between all 4 of the substituted hydrocarbons?

A

The differences is the different groups that are added.

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18
Q

How do you convert a saturated hydrocarbon into a substituted hydrocarbon?

A

Have a hydrogen that is replaced by another element.

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19
Q

How do you combine an alcohol and organic acid to make an ester?

A

Combine an alcohol and an organic acid and take out an H2O

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20
Q

What is a physical change?

A

A change that alters the appearance of a substance but is still the same substance.

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21
Q

What is a chemical change?

A

A change that turns a substance into a new substance.

Bonds must break

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22
Q

What is a chemical reaction?

A

Where two substances bond to make a new one.

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23
Q

What is a precipitate?

A

A solid created by mixing liquids.

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24
Q

What is an endothermic reaction?

A

An endothermic reaction needs heat to run the reaction.

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25
What is an exothermic reaction?
An exothermic reaction produces heat as it happens.
26
What is a chemical equation?
A way to represent a chemical reaction using a formula
27
What is a reactant?
What goes into a reaction
28
What is a product?
What is left when after a reaction occurs
29
What is an open system?
A system where particles are free to roam
30
What is a closed system?
A system in which no matter can escape
31
What is a synthesis reaction?
Two or more compounds that combine together to make a larger compound
32
What is a decomposition reaction?
A large compound that breaks into two smaller compounds
33
What is a single replacement reaction?
One element replaces another in a reaction
34
What is a double replacement reaction?
Two compounds switch partners in a reaction
35
What is activation energy?
The energy needed to begin a reaction
36
What is concentration?
How many reactants are in a certain volume
37
What is a catalyst?
Something that propels a reaction and makes it react faster
38
What is an inhibitor?
A substance that slows down or prevents a reaction
39
What are the four signs of a chemical change?
Change in appearance Change in energy Formation of a precipitate Production of gas
40
What does an increase in temperature do to a reaction?
The speed of the reaction increases
41
What does an increase in concentration do to a reaction?
It makes it bigger longer and faster
42
What does an increase is surface area do?
Makes the reaction faster and shorter
43
What is the law of conservation matter of matter?
Matter cannot be created nor destroyed, only changed
44
What is a mixture?
A combination of two or more substances that are not bonded together
45
What is a solution?
A mixture that contains a solvent and at least one solute
46
What is a solvent?
The substance at is dissolving
47
What is a solute?
The substance being dissolved
48
What is a colloid?
A mixture that contains small dissolved particles that cant be easily separated
49
What is a suspension?
A mixture that contains large dissolved particles that can be easily separated
50
What is a dilute solution?
A solution where there is a small amount of solute
51
What is a concentrated solution?
A solution where there is a large amount of solute
52
What is solubility?
The amount of solute a specific solvent can dissolve at a specific temperature
53
What is a saturated solution?
A solution where no more solute can be dissolved
54
What is an acid?
A substance that produces hydrogen ions when put in a solution
55
What is a base?
A substance that produces hydroxide ions when put in a solution
56
What does corrosive mean?
Harmful to metals
57
What is the pH scale?
A scale that goes from 0-14 measuring e concentration of hydrogen ions. 0-6.9 Acid 7 Neutral 7.1-14 Base
58
What is an indicator?
A substance that changes color in the presence of a base or acid
59
What is a neutralization reaction?
A reaction between acid and a base that produces salt and water
60
What 3 factors
Temperature, pressure and type of solvent
61
How does temperature affect solubility?
Increases solubility in liquids and solids | Decreases solubility in gases
62
How does pressure affect solubility?
Increase in pressure increases solubility in gases
63
How does type of solvent affect solubility?
Polar dissolved polar | Non polar dissolves non polar
64
What has to be true about about a base and acid to cause a neutralization reaction?
They have to be opposites on the pH scale
65
What is the universal solvent?
Water
66
What depends the strength of an acid of a base?
It's ability to produce ions
67
What are the characteristics of a base?
Taste bitter, they are slippery, they are non corrosive and turns red litmus paper blue
68
What are the characteristics of an acid?
Taste sour, burns, is corrosive, turns blue litmus paper red
69
What are examples of indicators?
Litmus paper, cabbage water
70
Define a wave?
A disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another
71
What is a vibration?
The repeated up and down side to side
72
What is an electromagnetic wave?
A wave that transfers energy through a field
73
What is a mechanical wave?
Any wave that requires matter to move?
74
What is a field?
An area around an object that can exert force?
75
What is wavelength?
The length between crests?
76
What is amplitude?
The height from mid point to crest
77
What is frequency?
The amount of waves that pass a given place in a specific amount of time
78
What is the crest of a wave?
The highest point of a wave
79
What is a trough?
The lowest point of a wave
80
What is a transverse wave?
A wave that travels perpendicular to what created it
81
What is a longitudinal wave?
A wave that travels the same direction as the force that created it
82
What is refraction?
The bending of a wave when it travels from one matter to another
83
What is diffraction?
The spreading out of a wave after traveling through an opening
84
How are electromagnetic waves created and what are some examples of them?
They are created by the movement of protons and electrons, examples of some would be visible light and ultraviolet light
85
What is an a example of a transverse wave?
Shaking a rope
86
What is an example of a longitudinal wave?
A bell
87
What is the relation between the size of an opening and diffraction?
The smaller the opening the more spread out the waves it will become after being defeated
88
What is constructive interference?
When waves meet crest to crest and the amplitude becomes bigger
89
What is destructive interference?
When waves meet trough to amplitude and it becomes smaller

8th Final Exams (6 decks)

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