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8th Final Exams > History Final Exam > Flashcards

History Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 groups came together to create Rome?

A

The Latins, Greeks and Etruscans

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2
Q

What influences did the Etruscans have on Roman life?

A

The Etruscans contributed things such as writing, their alphabet and the Roman arch

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3
Q

When was Tarquin the proud ousted from power, ending the Roman monarchy beginning the republic?

A

509 BCE

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4
Q

What geographical advantages did Rome have?

A

The 7 hills of Rome protected the city along with the mountain ranges, the Tiber provided water advantages and Rome was in a good spot for trade.

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5
Q

How was the Roman republic organized?

A

The consuls command the military and directed the government. Consuls could veto each other’s choices. The senate consisted of 300 upper class Romans who influenced foreign and domestic policy. A dictator would be appointed during times of crisis. These dictators had absolute power to make laws and command the army. Their term only lasted for up to 6 months.

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6
Q

What function did the Roman forum serve?

A

The forum served as a political center of Rome. It was also used for public speeches, criminal trials, gladiatorial matches and commercial affairs.

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7
Q

Who were the Patricians?

A

The Patricians were wealthy landowners who inherited their power.

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8
Q

Who were the Plebeians?

A

Plebeians were common farmers and artisans that could vote but could not hold office.

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9
Q

What did the Tribune do?

A

The tribune was an elected council of representatives that protected the rights of Plebeians.

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10
Q

What was the 12 tables?

A

The twelve tables were a written code of laws that prevented wrongful interpretation of the laws. This also allowed all Roman citizens to vote.

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11
Q

When were the 12 tables formed?

A

451 BCE

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12
Q

Romulus and Remus found Rome in what year?

A

753 BCE

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13
Q

Who was Cincinnatus and when did he become dictator?

A

Cincinnatus was elected to become a dictator in 519 BCE, his term lasted for 15 days.

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14
Q

How long did the Punic Wars last?

A

118 years from 264-146 BCE

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15
Q

Who was Scipio?

A

A Roman general during the Punic wars?

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16
Q

Who was Hannibal?

A

He was the son of Hamlicar Barca, sworn to hate the Romans. He was the general of Carthage during the Punic Wars. He committed suicide after being captured by the Romans.

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17
Q

What was the cause of the Punic Wars?

A

The Carthaginians opposed Roman expansion, Rome wanted control of Sicily.

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18
Q

What was the outcome of the Punic Wars?

A

Rome dominated the Western Mediterranean.

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19
Q

When did the Roman Republic fall?

A

The Roman Republic fell in 27 BCE

20
Q

What were the reasons for the fall of the Roman Republic?

A

Tensions between the upper and lower classes
Military Leaders became power hungry
Julius Caesar and his death
The Gracchus brothers

21
Q

When was Julius Caesar killed?

A

The Ides of March. March 15, 44 BCE.

22
Q

What did Julius Caesar reform?

A

The calendar.

23
Q

Who was Brutus and what significance does he hol in Julius Caesar’s life?

A

Brutus was a senate members and one of Julius’ best friends. He was the leader of the conspiracy to kill Caesar. Caesar’s last words after being stabbed were, “Et Tu Brute?,” or “You too, Brutus?”

24
Q

Who were the members of the first triumvirate?

A

Julius Caesar, Pompey and Crassus.

60-53 BCE

25
Q

Who were the members of the second triumvirate?

A

Octavian Augustus, Mark Antony and Lepidus.

43-33 BCE

26
Q

What did Octavian Augustus accomplish?

A

Became emperor of Rome in 33 BCE.
Gave himself the title of “Augustus,” or “Exalted one.”
Also kept the title of “Imperator.”
He also ban the Pax Romana, started the civil service and made the government stable.

27
Q

What was the Pax Romana?

A

Pax Romana was the long period of peace in the Roman Empire. It lasted from 27 BCE to 180 AD.

28
Q

What is “Bread and Circus.”

A

Food for the poor and entertainment, a sort of welfare system.

29
Q

What was the order of the Emperors, beginning with the dictator Julius Caesar?

A 
Julius Caesar
Octavian Augustus
Tiberius
Caligula
Claudius
Nero
Vespasian
Titus
Trajan
Hadrian
Marcus Aurelius
30
Q

What is Numina?

A

Pre-Roman religion based on nature gods.

31
Q

What was the Roman pantheon?

A

A collection of Roman gods based on Greek gods.

32
Q

Why did Christianity gain popularity in the Roman Empire?

A

Embraced all people
Gave hope to the powerless
Gave hope to those who were repelled by Rome
Offered a personal relationship with a loving God
Promised eternal life after death

33
Q

When was Jesus crucified?

A

29 AD

34
Q

When did Constantine accept christianity and when was the Edict of Milan?

A

Constantine accepted christianity in 312 and the Edict of Milan was passed in 313 AD.

35
Q

When did the Roman Empire fall?

A

476 AD

36
Q

What were the political causes of the fall of the empire?

A
  • Attempted reform

- Political unrest

37
Q

What were the economic causes of the fall of the empire?

A
  • Pirates disrupted trade

- Didn’t expand further so there was inflation

38
Q

What were the military causes of the fall of the empire?

A
  • Troops weren’t very loyal or disciplined
  • Recruited mercenaries/foreign soldiers
  • Lack of patriotism
39
Q

What were the social causes of the fall of the empire?

A
  • People weren’t very loyal to Rome

- People had low confidence

40
Q

When did Germanic tribes invade western Rome and under who’s command?

A

Attila the Hun invaded Rome, commanding German tribes in the 440’s AD.

41
Q

When and who split the Roman Empire?

A

Diocletian, 284 AD.

42
Q

What is a monarchy, aristocracy, democracy and oligarchy?

A

Monarchy: Where a king or queen is head of a nation
Aristocracy: Where the wealthy privileged have all the power and run the nation
Democracy: Where everyone has a say in decisions and who leads the nation
Oligarchy: Where all the power is placed within a small group of people

43
Q

What were 4 ways in which the Greek city states were United?

A

Persian War
Language
Olympics
Common Enemy

44
Q

What was a Helot?

A

A Helot was a slave that was trained to be a soldier and fought as one in battle.

45
Q

What is a phalanx?

A

A phalanx is a military formation of many soldiers carrying long spears, there were shielded soldiers on the side for protection.

46
Q

When did the Persian Wars occur?

A

490-479 BCE

47
Q

What was the Battle at Marathon?

A 
1st Battle in Persian War
Battle around 490 BCE
Athens outnumbered by Persians 5:2
Persians lose
Pheidippides runs 26.2 miles back to Athens to tell of the victory then dies.

8th Final Exams (6 decks)

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