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Science 7th > Science Final > Flashcards

Science Final Flashcards

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1
Q

Inference

A

A guess and observation using the senses.

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2
Q

Constant

A

Something that stays the same

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3
Q

Control group

A

Test group with no change

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4
Q

Independent variable

A

Factor being tested in the experiment

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5
Q

Dependent variable

A

Data being collected in the experiment

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6
Q

Quantitative data

A

involves numbers

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7
Q

Qualitative data

A

involves a description

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8
Q

Scientific method

A

Question, hypothesis, experiment, data, conclusion

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9
Q

Metric conversion

A

King Henry Dies by Drinking Chocolate Milk

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10
Q

Mass

A

Measured in grams. Amount of matter in a substance. Triple balance beam used.

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11
Q

Volume

A

Measured in milliliters. The space an object takes up. Graduated cylinders used.

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12
Q

Length

A

Measured in meters. The distance from one point to another. Meter stick used.

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13
Q

Solids

A

Have the most attractive forces between particles and particles are close.

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14
Q

Gases

A

Have the least attractive forces and particles are far apart.

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15
Q

Liquids

A

Have some attractive force and are a little bit spread apart

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16
Q

When do phase changes occur?

A

When energy is absorbed or released

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17
Q

At a phase change -

A

No change in temperature and the line is flat on the graph

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18
Q

Evaporate

A

a liquid turns to a gas

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19
Q

Condense

A

gas returns to a liquid

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20
Q

Melt

A

solid returns to liquid

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21
Q

Freeze

A

liquid turns to solid

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22
Q

Element

A

Cannot be broken down physically or chemically (Ag -silver)

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23
Q

Compound

A

Two or more elements chemically combined and can be broken down chemically (H2O -water)

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24
Q

Mixture

A

Two or more pure substances (NaCl) - saltwater

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25
Q

Big Bang Theory

A

How the universe was formed

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26
Q

Heliocentric vs. Geocentric

A

Helio - sun centered; Geo - earth centric

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27
Q

Inertia and gravity

A

Keep planets in order in our solar and keep our galaxy orbiting around a giant black hole

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28
Q

Inner planets

A

are rocky

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29
Q

Outer planets

A

gas giants

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30
Q

Rotation

A

involves spinning on its axis

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31
Q

Revolution

A

Involves orbiting around another

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32
Q

Moon phases

A

Eight moon phases. Eclipses may happen at new or full moon.

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33
Q

Equinox

A

Most direct light on Equator - March and Sept. 21

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34
Q

Solstices

A

Most direct light 23.5 degress North and South of Equator June and Dec. 21

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35
Q

Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram

A

Shows brightness, temperature and color of stars

36
Q

One month orbit

A

27-28 days

37
Q

One earth orbit around the sun

A

364 1/4 days (year-why we have Leap Year every 4 years).

38
Q

Sun

A

Only star in solar system

39
Q

Air

A

78% nitrogen; 21% oxygen

40
Q

Major climate zones

A

Temperate at mid-latitudes; Tropical by the equator; Polar by poles

41
Q

Types of fronts

A

Warm Front, Cold Front, Occluded Front, Stationary Front

42
Q

Cold front

A

cold air moves underneath warm air forcing warm air to rise

43
Q

Warm Front

A

forms when warm air moves over cold air. Moves slowly, bringing warm humid air

44
Q

Stationary Front

A

Forms when cold and warm air masses meet by neither has enough force to move the other. May bring days of clouds and precipitation

45
Q

Occluded front

A

Warmer air mass caught between two cooler air masses

46
Q

Hurricanes

A

Occur over the ocean and gain strength from warm water

47
Q

Tornados

A

Occur over land from mixing of dry cold air and warm moist air

48
Q

Air masses

A

cP; cT; mP; mT

49
Q

mT

A

maritime tropical - warm humid air from the Gulf of Mexico to the Eastern U.S. or warm humid air from the Pacific Ocean to the West Coast

50
Q

cT

A

Continental tropical (tropical air mass from Southwest brings hot, dry air to the southern Great Plains).

51
Q

mP

A

maritime polar (Air masses from North Atlantic Ocean are often pushed out by sea to westerly winds)

52
Q

cP

A

Continental polar (Air masses from central and northern Canada bring cold air to the central and eastern U.S.)

53
Q

Air pressure

A

decreases as altitude increases

54
Q

Layers of the Earth

A

Inner core, Outer Core, Mantle, Crust

55
Q

Oceanic crust

A

Thinner than continental crust

56
Q

Spheres of Earth

A

Hydrosphere (water); Lithosphere (rocky crust); Atmosphere (air above); Biosphere (all living things)

57
Q

Convection currents

A

The reason why plates move and is in the mantle

58
Q

Pangaea

A

Super continent from millions of years ago

59
Q

Igneous rocks

A

Created from solidified lava (crystal patterns; granite)

60
Q

Sedimentary

A

Formed from millions of years of sediment (layered, pebbles cemented in)

61
Q

Metamorphic

A

Formed frome heat and pressure (waves and folds, slate/shale)

62
Q

Weathering

A

Rock breaking down

63
Q

Erosion

A

Material broken down and moved

64
Q

Earthquakes

A

Due to folding and faulting

65
Q

Mineral streak

A

Power minerals leave

66
Q

Mineral hardness

A

Ability to scratch

67
Q

Mineral fracture

A

Break without a pattern

68
Q

Mineral cleavage

A

pattern of breakage

69
Q

Balanced forces

A

cause motion

70
Q

Unbalanced force

A

no motion

71
Q

Friction

A

creates heat; opposes motion

72
Q

Potential energy

A

Stored energy

73
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Energy of motion

74
Q

Calculate speed

A

using speed = distance/time

75
Q

Simple machines that make work easier

A

screw, wedge, inclined plane, pulley, wheel n axle and lever.

76
Q

Newton’s laws:

A

1- Object at rest stays at rest; object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an outside force
2 - F=MxA (Force = Mass x Acceleration)
3- For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

77
Q

Different forms of energy

A

thermal, electromagnetic, sounds, nuclear, mechanical

78
Q

Energy transformations

A

involve energy changing to another

79
Q

Friction

A

Opposes motion

80
Q

Formula for work

A

Work=force x distance

81
Q

Refraction

A

involves bending of light

82
Q

reflection

A

involves changing direction

83
Q

Diffraction

A

involves light moving around a barrier

84
Q

Electromagnetic spectrum

A

Reveals frequency (how often) and wavelength (strength) of energy

85
Q

Light

A

travels faster than sound and doesn’t need a medium

86
Q

Sound

A

must have gas or liquid in order to be heard.

Science 7th (3 decks)

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