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Science Final Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 4 main influences on weather?

A

23 degree earths tilt

  • atmosphere
  • land forms
  • water (solids, liquids, gases)
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2
Q

Define weather:

A

day to day conditions

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3
Q

Define Climate:

A

conditions avergaed over many years

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4
Q

Define longitude:

A

angle from east to west from 0 degress

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5
Q

define latitude:

A

angle from north to south of equator

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6
Q

Where is the Arctic Circle?

A

23.5 degrees South of North Pole

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7
Q

Where is the antarctic circle?

A

23.5 degrees North of South Pole

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8
Q

Where is the Tropic of Cancer?

A

23.5 degrees North of Equator

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9
Q

Where is the Tropic of Capricorn?

A

23.5 degrees south of the equator

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10
Q

Where are the Polar Zones?

A

Zone above antarctic and below antarctic circles

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11
Q

Where are the temperate zones?

A

Zones between tropic and circles lines

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12
Q

Where are the tropics?

A

Zone between tropic lines

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13
Q

How does the angle of the sun affect the sunlight?

A

When angle is less than 90 degrees, the light spreads out

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14
Q

Define SHC?

A

Specific Heat capacity

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15
Q

What is SHC/ what does it do?

A

The amount of heat needed to raise temperature of a large substance by 1 degree

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16
Q

What is SHC measured in?

A

Jewels, grams, Celsius

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17
Q

SHC- Do high numbers heat up fast?

A

No,

the higher the number, the slower it heats up

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18
Q

What is a heat sink?

A

object or material that absorbs energy .

Oceans are good, rocks are bad

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19
Q

What is the average temperature is the Earth?

A

15 degrees

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20
Q

Explain fog:

A

a cloud forms on ground on clear night when the air at ground is cool, which water vapor condenses to clouds

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21
Q

What 3 ways can energy be transferred in?

A

Radiation
Conduction
Convection

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22
Q

What types of radiation do we receive from the sun?

A

infrared, ultra violet, and visible light

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23
Q

What is conduction?

A

transfer of energy through collision of particles

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24
Q

what is Convection?

A

transfer of energy though movement of particles in liquid

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25
Q

Define Albedo:

A

the amount of reflected energy (the higher the albedo, the more reflective

1) 50% land and oceans
2) 20% clouds
3) 27% reflected
4) 3% reflected from surface

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26
Q

Describe Cumulus clouds

A

puffy, flat base, 1000-2000 m

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27
Q

describe Stratus clouds

A

layered endless clouds, 800-1000 m

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28
Q

describe cirrus clouds

A

ice crystal && horsetail, 7000-9000 m

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29
Q

describeNimbo

A

rain

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30
Q

describe Alto

A

middle level

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31
Q

How do clouds form?

A

clouds from from moisture, condensation nuclei and when air rises, cools, and condenses

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32
Q

Define Weather systems

A

conditions for a region that moves as one for a period of days

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33
Q

define air mass

A

large body of air which temp/ moisture content are fairly uniform at a special altitude

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34
Q

what is a front?

A

boundary between warm and cold air

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35
Q

what is a warm front?

A

warm air gradually rises over cold air mass and carries moisture into it

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36
Q

what is a cold front?

A

cold air pushes under warm air causing warm air to steeply rise

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37
Q

what is an occluded front?

A

boundary between cold/hot air remains still for some time

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38
Q

what is a stationary front?

A

boundary between cold/hot air, remains still for some time

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39
Q

Define convective

A

solar radiation heats ground, heated by conduction, as air becomes warm , it expands and becomes less dense then rises

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40
Q

define frontal

A

2 different air temps. meet. cool slides under warm which pushes warm air to higher altitudes where air is cooler

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41
Q

define orographic

A

moving air meets at mountain range. as it rises over mountain, it expands and cools and reaches a dewpoint temperature

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42
Q

Describe March 21

A

Spring equinox
12 h day, 12 h night
90 degrees to the equator

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43
Q

describe june 21

A

summer solstice
longest day in northern hemisphere
90 degree to tropic of cancer

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44
Q

describe september 21

A

autumnal equinox
12 h day , 12 h night
90 degrees to equator

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45
Q

describe december 21

A

winter solstice
shortest day in northern hemisphere
90 degrees to tropic of capricorn

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46
Q

how much does the earth rotate in half a year?

A

47 degrees every 182.6 days

0.26 degrees per days

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47
Q

define atmosphere

A

the blanket of moisture/air that surrounds earth

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48
Q

define altitude

A

the height above sea level measured in km

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49
Q

describe atmosphere conditions

A

78% Nitrogen
21% oxygen
1% other

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50
Q

Name the layers of the atmosphere

A

Troposphere
Stratusphere
mesosphere
thermosphere

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51
Q

Describe the Troposphere

A

0-10 km above
5 to -60 degrees
weather occurs

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52
Q

describe stratusphere

A

10-50 km above
-60 to -30 degrees
ozone layer

53
Q

mesosphere

A

50-90 km
-30 to -90 degrees
meteros burn

54
Q

thermosphere

A

90-180 km above
-90 to -200 degrees
aurora occurs

55
Q

define gradient

A

change in temperature over a distance

56
Q

define atmospheric pressure

A

air pressure exerts as gravity pulls it down

57
Q

define pressure gradient

A

change in pressure across a set of distance

58
Q

what is air pressure measure by?

A

barometer

59
Q

define isotherms

A

lines on weather map that represent the temperature

60
Q

define isobars

A

lines that show same atmospheric pressure

61
Q

define wind

A

the movement of air

62
Q

where do prevailing winds affect?

A

large areas

63
Q

what area do we live in?

A

mid latitude

64
Q

define coriolis effect

A

change in direction in any direction of a rotating system

65
Q

what are jet streams?

A

high speed winds, around mid latitudes, steers weather systems

66
Q

explain convection currents

A

occur rises, circulate, then sinks

67
Q

explain a cyclone

A 
occur where there is no moist air, and along water
raises tides 100 km wide
eye spins and calm
200-400 mph
74 mph is considered a hurricane
68
Q

explain tornadoes

A

form when hot/cold air pass horizontally then storm blends them together
occur where winds meet except Antarctica
170 mph
take cover in storm cellar or basement
rotates counter clockwise

69
Q

how do you tell how far lightning is away?

A 
lightning - 0 seconds
thunder -3 seconds= 1 km away
            -6 seconds= 2 km away
            -9 seconds= 3 km away
           -12 seconds= 4 km away
70
Q

SIG FIG FACT

A

When adding or subtracting:
The # of sigfigs in the answer should be the same as the digit with the lowest number of decimals

When multiplying/diving:
The # of sig figs in the answer should be the same as the # in the question with the lowest amount of sig figs

71
Q

What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

A

the set of waves that can travel through empty space at the speed of light

72
Q

define land breeze

A

wind that forms near the shore and flows from the land towards the water

73
Q

define sea breeze

A

wind that forms near a water source

74
Q

define humidity

A

amount of water vapor in the atmosphere

75
Q

define absolute humidity

A

actual amount of water vapor in the air

76
Q

define relative humidity

A

amount of water vapor in the air as a PERCENTAGE

77
Q

define greenhouse effect

A

natural trapping of solar energy by the atmonsphere

78
Q

define global warming

A

increase in temperature of the atmosphere

79
Q

define orbital cloud

A

electrons path

80
Q

atomic number:

A

how many protons in an element

81
Q

atom:

A

smallest units that make up all matter

82
Q

element:

A

atom that can’t be broken down or changed

83
Q

symbols:

A

letter that represent elements

84
Q

molecules:

A

combined atoms. can be same or different element

85
Q

formulas:

A

chemical symbols used to write molecules

86
Q

compounds:

A

2 or more atoms bonded together

87
Q

diatomic molecules:

A

molecules that are only made up of 2 atoms

88
Q

ions:

A

an atom that becomes + or - charged

89
Q

radical:

A

a molecule that becomes + or - charged

90
Q

Word equation:

A

a way to represent a chemical reaction that tell you what is reacts and what is produced

91
Q

skeletal equation:

A

represents a chemical reaction which formulas of the reactants are connected to the formulas of the products by an arrow

92
Q

balanced chemical equation:

A

equation that reactants and products contain equal atoms

93
Q

coefficient:

A

number written in front of a chemical symbol

94
Q

isotype:

A

2 or more atoms of the same element with a different number or neutrons

95
Q

indicator:

A

substances that turn different colors in acids and bases

96
Q

acids:

A

sour tasting, water soluble substances that are found in many common products

97
Q

bases:

A

bitter tasting water soluble substances that feel slippery in water

98
Q

alkaline:

A

another name for bases

99
Q

PH scale

A

represents how acidic or basic a solution is

100
Q

surface area:

A

biggger surface area, faster reaction. rxposes more molecules

101
Q

concentration:

A

amount of reacting molecules in given space. more concentration= faster

102
Q

synthesis:

A

the combo of smaller atoms and molecules into larger molecules

103
Q

decomposition:

A

splitting of a large molecules into elements or smaller molecules

104
Q

single displacement:

A

chemical equation between element/compound as reactants. one element displaces/ replaces another element from the compound

105
Q

double displacement:

A

elements in different compounds displace each other, or exchange places

106
Q

what do all organisms need?

A

activities, growth, and production

107
Q

How do plants make glucose?

A

they photosynthesize light energy to make it

108
Q

what does the sun provide the ecosystem with?

A

energy

109
Q

Sustain:

A

to allow something to continue for a long period of time

110
Q

ecosystem:

A

all the organisms in an area that interact with each other

111
Q

detrius:

A

waste from plants/ animals including dead remains

112
Q

autotroph:

A

self producer of energy (plants)

113
Q

heterotroph:

A

consumer of energy(consumers)

114
Q

Photosynthesis equation:

A

CO2+H2O+ Light——> C6H12O6 + O2

115
Q

Cellular respiration equation:

A

O2+ O6H12O6——–> CO2+H2O+ Energy

116
Q

Name 4 types of fossil fuels

A

forest fires
automobiles
factories
power plants

117
Q

What are pyramids used to represent in biology?

A

Number, energy and biomass

118
Q

ENERGY AND NUMBERS FACTS

A

NUMBERS: The amount of energy available at each level of the food chain decreases as you go up

ENERGY: Only about 10% of food energy into tissue the rest is used for our daily activities

119
Q

Biomass:

A

total mass of a population of an organism in an area

120
Q

Productivity:

A

Average amounts of new plant biomass produced each year in a given area

121
Q

Climate, what determines amount of it

A

determines plant growth

warmth, rainfall, soil

122
Q

Monoculture:

A

growing singlecrop in a large area of land

increases diversity

123
Q

biological magnification:

A

increase amount of harmful chemical going up levels of food chain

124
Q

population:

A

group of same species in a certain area at a certain time

125
Q

Is the earth a closed or open circuit?

A

closed. no new matter comes in or out

126
Q

organic matter:

A

substances that contain the elements carbon joined to hydrogen

127
Q

inorganic matter:

A

substances that dont contain carbon joined to hydrogen

128
Q

what would happen without decomposers?

A

run out of nutrients

Science (3 decks)

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