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Science > Bio-Ecology - Part 3 > Flashcards

Bio-Ecology - Part 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Symbiosis

A

relationships between different organisms in which they rely on each other in some way for survival

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2
Q

5 types of symbiosis

A 
Predation
Parasitism 
Mutualism
Commensalism
Competition
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3
Q

Predation

A

Predator consumes the prey

Ex. shark eats fish

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4
Q

Parasitism

A

Parasite lives in or on the host.
Host provides food for the parasite.
Parasite does not usually kill the host

Ex. tick, leeches, mosquitoes

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5
Q

Mutualism

A

Both organisms benefit from the relationship

Ex. Lichen

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6
Q

Commensalism

A

1 organism benefits and the other organism is not affected

Ex. birds and trees- nesting

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7
Q

Competition

A

Organisms compete for necessities of life

Ex. food, water

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8
Q

2 types of competition

A

Intraspecific and interspecific

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9
Q

Intraspecific

A

competition between organisms of the same species

Ex. Mating

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10
Q

Interspecific

A

competition between organisms of different species

Ex. mice- fox, coyotes, hawks

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11
Q

Habitat

A

Where an organism lives in an ecosystem

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12
Q

Niche

A

the way in which an organisms interacts with the ecosystem

Ex. humming bird includes being a herbivore and pollinator

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13
Q

Ecotone

A

boundary between different communities.

Size can vary from centimeters to kilometers

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14
Q

Stability

A

stability of an ecosystem relates to the number of different species in the area called the diversity.
Greater the diversity the more stable the ecosystem.

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15
Q

Succession

A

When the community of organisms change over time

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16
Q

Primary Succession

A

When a community forms where one never existed before

17
Q

Secondary Succession

A

When a community regrows after it has been destroyed

18
Q

factors contribute to climate of a region

A

Latitude
Location
Landforms

19
Q

5 main ocean zones

A 
Intertidal
Neritic
Photic
Aphotic
Benthic
20
Q

Intertidal

A
  • along shore
  • covered by water for part of day
  • tide is caused by gravity of the moon
21
Q

Neritic

A
  • shallow coastal area
  • 0-200 m from shore
  • most life forms because light fills the zone
  • 0-100m deep (continental shelf)
  • coral reefs
22
Q

Photic

A
  • top 200 m of the deep ocean

- many life forms because light penetrates the area

23
Q

Aphotic

A
  • below 200 m of the deep ocean

- few life forms because of lack of light

24
Q

Benthic

A
  • deep ocean bottom(2 km)
  • zero light
  • life forms feed on dead life that has sank
24
Q

community

A

All organisms in an area

25
Q

Ecological succession

A

When communities change and organisms replace each other

26
Q

Pioneer community

A

The first organism to be in an area

27
Q

Climax community

A

The most stable community and last part of succession

28
Q

Importance of competition to the process of succession

A

It can create new and specialized niches

29
Q

How do natural disturbances and human activities affect the process of succession?

A

Open nee niches that were previously occupied

30
Q

2 factors that determine the rate of colonization of an island

A

Distance from land

Island size

31
Q

How do island organisms evolve differently from those on mainland

A

They may not have predators or parasites

32
Q

7 biomes

A 
Tropical Rainforest
Deciduous Forest
Coniferous Forest
Savanna
Grassland
Tundra
Desert
33
Q

Tropical rainforest locations

A 
Northern south America
Central America
Southeast Asia
Northwest coastal Australia
Western and central equatorial africa
34
Q

Tropical rainforest climate

A

Temp: 28-30
Precip: 75-150

35
Q

Tropical rainforest plants

A

Towering trees

Plants forming dense canopy

Science (3 decks)

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