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0
Q

the variable being measured during an experiment is know as

A

dependent variable

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1
Q

if an atoms loses two electrons what would its charge be?

A

+2

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2
Q

during which step of the scientific method should you look for patterns in the data and make a chart

A

analyze data

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3
Q

along the edges of plates all rocks can be heated and squeezed into this type of rock

A

metamorphic rock

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4
Q

what are the main types of rock

A

metamorphic
igneous
sedimentary

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5
Q

occurs when magma hardens into igneous rock, occurs during the formation of metamorphic rock, and can occur at or below earths surface

A

crystallization

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6
Q

causes of this are intense heat, intense pressure, and how watery chemicals

A

metamorphism

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7
Q

this type of rock forms below earths surface

A

intrusive

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8
Q

this igneous rock texture is the result of magma cooling slowly over a period of time and then cooling very quickly

A

porphyritic

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9
Q

these igneous rocks are dense and dark colored

A

basaltic

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10
Q

changes that take place in a rock during metamorphism can be…

A

in the form of the rock
in the composition of the rock
the result of tectonic activity

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11
Q

this type of metamorphic rock forms because of extreme pressure or when minerals with with different compositions separate to produce alternating light and dark bands

A

foliated

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12
Q

what’s the order of of the formation of sedimentary rocks

A

erosion breaks down rocks into sediments
sediments are transported by wind or ice to a new location
sediment is deposed
sediments are lithified

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13
Q

what are the typed of detrital sedimentary rocks

A

conglomerate, sandstone, and shale

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14
Q

these sedimentary rocks form from the remains of once living things

A

organic

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15
Q

which of these does not contribute to the characteristic of a sedimentary rock?

  • the source of the sediment
  • the way the sediment was moved
  • the amount of pressure present during compaction of the sediments
  • the conditions under which the sediment was decomposited
A

the amount of pressure present during the compaction of the sediments

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16
Q

how could u determine if a sedimentary rock is organic

A

look for fossils

test the hydrochloric acid and look for bubbles

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17
Q

halite (rock salt) is an example of which type of sedimentary rock

A

chemical

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18
Q

a mixture of one or more minerals, rock fragments, volcanic glass, organic matter, or other natural materials

A

rock

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19
Q

rock that has changed because of changes in temp and pressure or the presence of hot watery fluids

A

metamorphic rock

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20
Q

rock that is made up of combinations of different types of sediment

A

sedimentary rock

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21
Q

rock that forms when magma cools and solidifies

A

igneous rocks

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22
Q

loose fragments of rock, minerals, and organic material that result from natural processes

A

sediments

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23
Q

which of the following is a common rock forming mineral?

  • sand
  • calcium
  • Quartz
  • diamond
A

Quartz

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24
Q

what indicates the process that causes rocks to change from one type to another because of heat and pressure

A

metamorphism

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25
Q

what indicates the process that causes the formation of rocks like sandstone and conglomerate

A

lithification

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26
Q

how melted material beneath earths surface

A

magma

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27
Q

molten rock that flows from volcanoes or fissures onto earths surface

A

lava

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28
Q

the process by which the volume and porosity of a sediment is decreased by the weight of overlying sediments

A

compaction

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29
Q

the process in which minerals precipitate into pore spaces between sediment grains and bind sediments together to form rock

A

cementation

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30
Q

explain why intrusive igneous rocks are usually coarse grained compared extrusive which are usually fine grained

A

intrusive are coarse because they are not exposed to air which makes them cool slower than extrusive

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31
Q

list the two types of metamorphism

A

heat and pressure

how watery fluids

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32
Q

how do rocks with a glassy texture form

A

the rock solidifies so fast that mineral crystals do not have time to form

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33
Q

who realized that rocks undergo changes through long periods of time after observing rocks at Siccar Point

A

James Hutton

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34
Q

if a rock is made completely of shell fragments that you can see

A

coquina

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35
Q

the mass of one proton equals

A

1 amu or the mass of one neutron

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36
Q

jj Thompson discovered electrons using what experiment

A

cathode ray experiment

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37
Q

which scientist discovered the nucleus

A

Rutherford

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38
Q

which of these accurately describes the current atomic model

A

electrons surround the nucleus in electron clouds

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39
Q

in a neutral atom, the atomic number equals what

A

the number of protons

the number of electrons

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40
Q

which of these is not given on the periodic table

  • atomic #
  • atomic mass
  • mass #
  • element symbol
A

mass #

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41
Q

these are very reactive elements that only have one electron in their outer shell

A

alkali metal

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42
Q

what is a group of atoms connected by bonds

A

molecule

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43
Q

a type of mixture in which the components are not evenly mixed, but do not settle if left undisturbed

A

heterogeneous

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44
Q

muddy water is an example of which type of mixture

A

suspension

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45
Q

mixtures can be separated using what

A

physical means

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46
Q

soluble in water is an example of what

A

physical change

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47
Q

a change in matter from one form to another without changing the chemical properties

A

physical change

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48
Q

melting is an example of what

A

physical change

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49
Q

perishable is an example of what

A

chemical property

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50
Q

which of these is not a sign of a chemical change

A

melting

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51
Q

what state of matter has particles with the lowest energy

A

solid

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52
Q

true or false

there are only two elements that are liquid at room temp

A

true

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53
Q

what has a fixed volume but not shape

A

liquid

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54
Q

what has particles that move in a skiing or sliding motion

A

liquid

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55
Q

what two things could you mix together to make a solution

A

salt and water

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56
Q

anything that has mass and takes up space

A

matter

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57
Q

the tiny building blocks of matter made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons

A

atom

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58
Q

a substance made up of only one type of atom and that cannot be broke down into simpler substances by normal chemical means

A

element

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59
Q

an atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

A

isotope

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60
Q

the forces that hold atoms together in a compound

A

chemical bond

61
Q

atoms of more than one element chemically bonded together

A

compound

62
Q

a group of atoms connected by covalent bonds

A

molecule

63
Q

an electrically charged atom

A

ion

64
Q

composed of two or more substances that are not chemically combined

A

mixture

65
Q

a sample of matter, either an element or a compound, that consists of only one component with definite physical and chemical properties and a definite chemical composition

A

pure substance

66
Q

how many elements are in group 2 on the periodic table

A

6

67
Q

the mass do one proton equals the mass of how many electrons

A

1,837

68
Q

what is one way isotopes can be used to benefit humans

A

treats some cancer

69
Q

this common substance is a perfect example of a cubic crystal system

A

table salt

70
Q

minerals in this composition group form when a metal combines with sulfur

A

sulphates

71
Q

what is the starting point for other crystals to form

A

a seed crystal

72
Q

what is the crystal system of sugar crystals

A

monoclinic

73
Q

minerals from this crystal system are equal in size along all three principle dimensions

A

cubic

74
Q

when magma cools slowly, crystals..

A

Are large

75
Q

silicate minerals contain what

A

silicon and oxygen

76
Q

is an example of a cubic crystal system and is classified as a halide

A

halite

77
Q

A measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched

A

hardness

78
Q

what can be metallic or nonmetallic, is the way a mineral reflects light, could be described as Dull, silky or glassy

A

Luster

79
Q

The color of a mineral in powder form

A

can be determined by rubbing the mineral across an unglazed ceramic tile or streak

80
Q

an unstable solution in which there is higher concentration of a dissolved to substance than would normally dissolved in a solute

A

supersaturated solution

81
Q

some mineral crystals form from hot melted rock called

A

magma

82
Q

this mineral can scratch anything and is a 10 on the Moh’s hardness scale

A

Diamond

83
Q

A sample of matter, either an element or compound, that consist of only one component with definite physical and chemical properties and a definite chemical composition

A

pure substance

84
Q

A naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and an orderly arrangement of Atoms

A

Mineral

85
Q

I solid in which Atoms are arranged in orderly repeating patterns

A

Crystal

86
Q

A mineral or rock that contains enough of a useful substance that it can be mined for profit

A

ore

87
Q

minerals that break an Uneven or jagged surface have what

A

fracture

88
Q

minerals that break along smooth, flat surfaces have what

A

cleavage

89
Q

The weight of a mineral compared to the weight of an equal volume of water

A

specific gravity

90
Q

which mineral displays the property of double refraction

A

calcite

91
Q

about how many different minerals there

A

4000

92
Q

stable molecules that contain carbon and are formed below sea level under low temperatures and high-pressure are called what

A

methane hydrate

93
Q

what is composed of crushed stone or gravel and sans and has many uses in the building industry

A

aggregate

94
Q

materials of low mass are fussed together to form a substance of higher mass during what

A

fusion

95
Q

what is a chemical process that removes unwanted elements from the metal being processed

A

smelting

96
Q

the removal of coal that is not close to earths surface through a horizontal opening in the side of a hill or mountain is called what

A

drift mining

97
Q

coal, oil, and natural gas that formed from decaying plants and other organisms over millions of years are called what

A

fossil fuels

98
Q

what is an example of an inexhaustible energy

A

wind

99
Q

biomass energy is derived from burning organic materials such as wood, garbage and what

A

alcohol

100
Q

what are compounds containing hydrogen and carbon atoms

A

hydrocarbons

101
Q

this may someday become an important carbon based fuel

A

methane hydrates

102
Q

occurs when the nuclei of uranium atoms are split apart

A

fission

103
Q

produces less pollution than other types of coal

A

anthracite

104
Q

what change the suns energy into electricity

A

solar cells

105
Q

one disadvantage of what energy is that it produces radioactive waste

A

nuclear

106
Q

a method of removing coal that is close to earths surface

A

strip mining

107
Q

what is the correct order of coal formation

A 
plants decay
peat is formed 
peat changes into lignite
bituminous coal is formed 
anthracite coal is formed
108
Q

a mineral called hematite is the main source of the metal..

A

iron

109
Q

true or false

the more valuable a mineral In a deposit is, the more likely it is to be considered an ore

A

true

110
Q

what is a resource from which we get table salt

A

halite

111
Q

the two basic groups of what resources are industrial materials and building materials

A

nonmetallic mineral

112
Q

corundum is used..

A

as an abrasive

113
Q

why are u likely to find natural gas and oil in the same location but not coal?

A

they form from marine organisms but coal forms from plants that grew on land

114
Q

true or false

limestone is a metallic mineral resource

A

false

115
Q

forms in a gaseous state under similar conditions as oil

A

natural gas

116
Q

most abundant fossil fuel in the world

A

coal

117
Q

energy from burning wood, alcohol, or garbage

A

biomass

118
Q

soft brown coal made from peat

A

lignite

119
Q

marine organisms that decay to make oil and natural gas

A

plankton

120
Q

electricity produced by water power

A

hydroelectric

121
Q

energy source produced from atomic reactions

A

nuclear

122
Q

energy from hot magma

A

geothermal

123
Q

what are two advantages of burning garbage as a fuel

A

readily available and doesn’t take up much space

124
Q

what fuel is used for nuclear fusion

A

uranium

125
Q

how is geothermal heat used to create energy

A

geothermal power plants use steam from water heated underground to spin turbine blades that create electricity

126
Q

reduced vegetation on earth may result in what

A

a localized decrease in rainfall

127
Q

the ways each person in a developed county affects the environment include what

A

generating waste
using fossil fuels for energy
treating water to clean it

128
Q

a land use that does not change the environment

A

stating aside natural preserves

129
Q

recycling materials helps save what

A

energy

landfill space

130
Q

farming the land causes what

A

erosion from tilling the soil

pollution from herbicides

131
Q

paving over the land causes what

A

reduction of water in underground supplies

132
Q

one cause of air pollution is what

A

burning fossil fuels

133
Q

a brown smog formed with the acid of sunlight is what smog

A

photochemical

134
Q

burning fossil fuels in electrical power plants helps create what

A

sulfurous smog

135
Q

sunlight reacts with waste gases to form what

A

ozone

136
Q

acid rain is created when emissions from coal burning power plants combine with moisture to form what

A

sulfuric acid

137
Q

air pollution affects peoples what

A

lungs
eyes
blood

138
Q

diplomats from around the world have focused on eliminating the use of what

A

CFCs

139
Q

ways to support the clean air act include what

A

using less electricity

140
Q

mountains may contribute to smog formation by what

A

blocking air circulation

141
Q

air pollution can be controlled by …

A

putting scrubbers on power plants

142
Q

some coal contains high amounts of..

A

sulfur

143
Q

acid rain is more of a problem in what..

A

humid areas

144
Q

true or false

the clean air act stopped the production of ozone depleting chemicals in1996

A

true

145
Q

the careful use of resources that reduces damage to the environment

A

conservation

146
Q

these speed up chemical reactions

A

enzymes

147
Q

a substance that contaminates the environment

A

pollutants

148
Q

the volume of water flowing past a point per unit of time

A

stream discharge

149
Q

this type of waste is produced by nuclear power plants, hospitals, and other sources and may be around for thousands of years

A

radioactive

150
Q

fine particles such as dust, pollen, mold, ash, and soot that are in the air

A

particular matter

science (2 decks)

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