Science Exam Chapter 2: Materials Flashcards
1
Q
Atom
A
An atom is the basic building block of all matter.
2
Q
Protons
A
- Charge: +1 (positive charge)
- Location: Nucleus
- Mass: Approximately 1 atomic mass unit
3
Q
Neutrons
A
- Charge: 0 (neutral)
- Location: Nucleus
- Mass: Approximately 1 atomic mass unit
4
Q
Electrons
A
- Charge: -1 (negative charge)
- Location: Orbiting the nucleus in various energy levels (shells)
- Mass: -1 atomic mass
5
Q
Atomic Number
A
- Represents the number of protons in an atom’s nucleus.
- Determines the chemical element.
- For example, carbon has an atomic number of 6, meaning it has 6 protons.
6
Q
Mass Number
A
- Represents the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus.
- Mass Number = Number of Protons + Number of Neutrons
- For example, a carbon atom with 6 protons and 6 neutrons has a mass number of 12.
7
Q
Atomic Symbol
A
- A one or two-letter abbreviation of the element’s name.
- For example, the atomic symbol for carbon is C, for hydrogen is H, and for sodium is Na.
8
Q
Ions
A
An electrically charged particle
that has gained or lost an electron.
9
Q
If an atom loses electrons
A
it becomes a positively charged ion, known as a cation.
10
Q
If an atom gains electrons
A
it becomes a negatively charged ion, known as an anion.
11
Q
Where are metals on the periodic table
A
Metals are found on the left side and in the center of the periodic table.
12
Q
Where are metalloids on the periodic table
A
Metalloids are located along the “staircase” line that distinguishes metals from non-metals
13
Q
Where are non-metals on the periodic table
A
Non-metals are found on the right side of the periodic table
14
Q
Metals
A
- Good conductors of heat and electricity.
- Malleable (can be hammered into thin sheets).
- Ductile (can be drawn into wires).
- Typically have a shiny appearance (metallic luster).
- Generally solid at room temperature (except mercury, which is liquid).
15
Q
Non-Metals
A
- Poor conductors of heat and electricity.
- Not malleable or ductile; often brittle in solid form.
- Many are gases at room temperature; some are solids (e.g., carbon, sulfur).
- Have more varied properties compared to metals.
