Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geography exam > science exam > Flashcards

science exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is step one in a stars life cycle?

A

NEBULA
- Stars start in a cloud of dust called a nebula
- Nebulae are multiple light years across and can spawn multiple star systems.
- Dust and gas move together under gravity and begin to spin as a disk.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is step 2 in a stars life cycle?

A

PROTOSTAR
- a ball of mass starts to form in the centre of the disk from step 1
- when the mass gets larger and larger, the ball gets hotter and starts to glow forming a protostar
- The temperature continues to rise and eventually gets hot enough for nuclear fusion to begin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is step 3 in a stars life cycle?

A

MAIN SEQUENCE
- The star will fuse Hydrogen in a more-or-less stable fashion.
- Bigger stars tend to use their fuel faster (because of the pressure)
- A star can be in the main sequence anywhere between 20 million to 80 billion years.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is step 4 in a stars life cycle?

A

RED SUPERGIANT OR RED GIANT
- Stars eventually use up all their Hydrogen and do one of 3 things depending on their mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what happens to high mass stars during step 4?

A

The highest mass stars will begin to fuse Helium and expand into a Red Supergiant star.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what happens to medium mass stars during step 4?

A

The medium mass stars also fuse Helium and expand, but only to the size of a Red Giant (the size of a large star)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what happens to low mass stars during step 4?

A

The lowest mass stars will skip this step entirely (fusing Helium) and collapse into a white dwarf.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what do red giants and red supergiants do throughout their lifetime?

A

Red Giants and Red Supergiants expand about 500x their original size.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is step 5 in a stars life cycle?

A

SUPERNOVA OR WHITE DWARF
Once the Helium is used up (from high or medium mass stars), a star will do one of 2 things:
1: The star will collapse, but re-gain enough pressure in its core to fuse heavier elements. the result of this pressure is a supernova.
2: The star will collapse and be unable to fuse anything else. It will slowly cool and radiate heat as a White Dwarf until it becomes a Brown Dwarf (cold).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is step 6 in a stars life cycle?

A

NEUTRON STAR OR BLACK HOLE
If a star goes supernova, it will do one of 2 things depending on their mass:
1: The core will become a ball of mass so dense it becomes a neutron star.
2: The core will become a ball of mass that is even more dense that it becomes a black hole.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how does a star become a supernova in its life cycle?

A

once the helium is used up, the high or medium mass star will collapse, but re-gain enough pressure in its core to fuse heavier elements. the result of this pressure is a supernova.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how does a star become a brown dwarf?

A

once the helium is used up, the high or medium mass star will collapse and be unable to fuse anything else. It will slowly cool and radiate heat as a White Dwarf until it becomes a Brown Dwarf (cold).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is star class m?

A

Temp: 2,500 - 3,500
Colour: red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the star classes g and f?

A

temp: 5000 - 7500
colour: yellow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is star class k?

A

temp: 3500-5000
colour: orange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the star class a?

A

Temp: 7500 - 10,000
Colour: white

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the star classes o and b?

A

Temp: 10,000 - 50,000
Colour: blue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the order of star classes from coldest to hottest?

A

M
K
G, F
A
B, O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the two variables that control a stars formation?

A

Mass and temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the forces that control and stars formation?

A

gravity and pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the big bang theory?

A
  • The entire universe formed from a single dense point which suddenly expanded.
  • The universe, and time itself, began 13.9 billion years ago and all the matter and energy in the universe came from the Big Bang.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

who came up with the big bang theory?

A

Edwin Hubble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what was Hubble’s evidence for the big bang theory?

A

1: Hubble studied the light spectrum of each galaxy and calculated
a) The speed the galaxy was moving away from our Milky Way Galaxy and
b) The distance of the galaxy from our own galaxy
2: He discovered a relationship between these two measurements:
The farther away a galaxy was from our own, the faster it was moving away.
This shows that the universe is expanding.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the particle theory?

A

All Matter is made up of tiny particles that have empty spaces between them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what are the spacing, forces and motion in a solid property?
very close together in a pattern strong attraction particles vibrate in a fixed position
26
what are the spacing, forces and motion in a gas property?
flying around very far apart very weak attraction between particles move at high speed and only sometimes collide with each other
27
what are the spacing, forces and motion in a liquid property?
somewhat close together in groups weaker attraction between particles particles move around and slide past each other (flow)
28
what does the physical state of a substance depend on?
The Physical State of a substance depends on temperature and pressure
29
what is a change of state?
A Change of State (e.g. solid to liquid) is a Physical Change
30
what is a chemical change?
A Chemical Change is when a new substance is created. A Chemical Change creates a new substance that has different physical & chemical properties & a new chemical formula. Chemical changes are not usually reversible. The substance cannot be changed into what it was before. Chemical changes are the result of chemical reactions.
31
what is a physical change of state?
Physical Changes of State involve the “gain” or “loss” of Heat Energy Alters only the form or state of a substance (freezing, breaking, melting). No new substance is created. The chemical composition remains the same. It is usually reversible.
32
classification of matter
Matter into pure substance or mixture pure substance into elements or compounds mixture into homogenous or heterogenous mixtures
33
Example of a heterogenous mixture and homogenous mixture and what are they?
homogenous: solutions (juice) heterogenous: mixture (salad)
34
what are qualitative properties?
A property that can be observed or described without detailed measurement, using your senses.
35
what are the parts of an atom and what are they called?
protons(+) neutrons(+-) and elections(-) called subatomic particles
36
what are quantitative properties?
A property that can be measured or assigned a particular value.
37
5 examples of qualitative properties?
Colour Odour State Texture Lustre Malleability
38
5 examples of quantitative properties?
Viscosity Melting point Boiling point Solubility Hardness Conductivity Density
39
what is a physical property?
a characteristic or description of a substance that may help to identify it. Some physical properties can be observed by using your senses. Others are observed using simple tests and measurements.
40
what is a chemical property?
A chemical property is a characteristic of matter that can only be observed when one substance changes into a different substance, such as iron into rust or wood into ashes
41
what equation gives you the number of neutrons?
atomic mass - protons = neutrons
42
what are electrons equal to?
protons and electrons = the same
43
what does a lightyear mean?
The distance travelled by light in one year (ly)
44
what is an astronomical unit?
The Astronomical unit equals the average distance between the Sun and Earth
45
light second?
300,000km the distance light travels in a second
46
closest planet to sol? farthest?
Mercury closest neptune farthest
47
order of planets
mercury venus earth mars jupiter saturn uranus neptune
48
how many planets?
8
49
what is the carbon cycle
breathing plants animals and fossil fuels
50
how do humans effects the carbon cycle
burning fossil fuels
51
what are ionic compounds reactions between?
Ionic Compounds are Reactions between ONLY Metals and Non-Metals.
52
properties of ionic compounds: Shape: Changes of State: Hardness: Electrically Conductive: Conductive to Heat:
Shape: Ions form crystals. Changes of State: Ions have high melting points and high boiling points. Hardness: They're hard and brittle. Electrically Conductive: They conduct electricity when they are dissolved in water. Conductive to Heat: They're good insulators
53
what does a voltmeter and ammeter have to be in?
voltmeter parallel
54
chemical properties
combustibility reactivity solubility
55
how to calculate there and back
divide by two
56
malleability
the ability to be easily changed into a new shape
57
covalent compound
a pair of electrons is shared between two non-metal elements SHARING OF ELECTRONS
58
ionic compounds
Transfer of electrons
59
diatomic
HOBrFINCl
60
covalent compounds prefixes
name first element add ide to the end of the second at the number of each element (di, mono, tri, tetra) if one atom in the first element no need for mono
61
how to determine resistance?
voltage/current
62
what does voltage in series do?
ADD
63
what are the trophic levels?
Producer (autotroph) - Plants Primary consumer - Tend to be Herbivores Secondary consumer - Tend to be Omnivores Tertiary consumer - Tend to be Carnivores
64
density
density = mass/ volume

Geography exam (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions