Science Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

In your own words, state the 5 statements that make up the Particle Theory of Matter.

A

1) All matter is made up of tiny particles.
2) All particles of one substance is the same. Different particles are made up of different substances.
3) The space between particles are large compared to the particles themselves.
4) Particles are always moving.
5) There are attractive forces among particles.

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2
Q

State the 5 methods of identifying that a chemical change has occurred.

A

1) A new colour has appeared.
2) A change in odour.
3) Formation of gas or bubbles.
4) Formation of a precipitate.
5) Production of heat or light.

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3
Q

What is the difference between a chemical change and a physical change?

A

1) Physical Change = When the characteristic physical properties of a substance does not change, and no new substances are formed.
2) Chemical Change = When a new substance is formed that has new properties than those in the original substance.

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4
Q

State the Law of Electric Charges

A

1) Opposite charges attract
2) Like charges repel
3) Charged and neutral charges attract.

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5
Q

Distinguish between an insulator and a conductor and provide two
examples of each.

A

1) Insulator = Resists electrical flow (rubber and wood)
2) Conductor = Allows electrical flow (iron and copper)

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6
Q

Distinguish between static electricity and current electricity.

A

1) Static electricity is electric charges that are on the surface of an object.
2) Current electricity are electric charges that are in motion within a conductor.

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7
Q

List the four parts of a simple circuit and give examples of each.

A

1) Load = Lightbulb
2) Connectors = Wires
3) Source = Battery
4) Control device = Switch

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8
Q

Distinguish between a closed and an open circuit:
When current is flowing through a circuit, the switch is ________
b. In a circuit, electric charges flow from the _______ terminal to the
______ terminal

A

1) Closed
2) Negative
3) Positive

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9
Q

What is the name, use and function of the following components:
1) Cell
2) Battery
3) Switch
4) Fuse
5) Ammeter
6) Voltmeter
7) Resistor
8) Load
9) Connector

A

1) Cell - Power source
2) Battery - Power source
3) Switch - Controls the current through a circuit.
4) Fuse - Protects; protects against surges
5) Ammeter - Measures current
6) Voltmeter - Measures the potential difference across a load.
7) Resistor - Resists current
8) Load - Uses the electrical energy to perform a task
9) Connector - Connects electricity through a circuit

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10
Q

Define resistance.

A

Resistance slows down the flow of electrons.

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11
Q

Which of the following would have the higher resistance in a circuit: the conducting
wire or the light bulb? Explain.

A

The lightbulb because it slows down the current to convert the electrical energy into heat/light.

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12
Q

What is the advantage of connecting circuits in series? In parallel?

A

Circuits in series require less materials and the current stays the same throughout, but in parallel circuits if one part fails, the rest will still work.

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13
Q

Define current, potential difference, and resistance.

A

1) Current = The number of electric charges flowing past a fixed points per second.
2) Potential difference = The difference between the electric potential energy per unit of charge at 2 points in a circuit.
3) Resistance = The ability to resist the flow of electrons in a conductor.

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14
Q

What is the formula for Ohm’s law?

A

V = I x R

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15
Q

What is a short circuit? What device in your house is used to protect from electrical fires
in the case of a short circuit?

A

Short circuit is when electric current flows down the wrong pr unintened path with little to no resistance. (Fuse or circuit breaker)

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16
Q

Name the 3 methods for charging an object (with static electricity):

A

1) Charging by friction
2) Charging by contact
3) Charging by induction

17
Q

Define the following terms:
1) Ecology
2) Ecosystem
3) Population
4) Community
5) Biodiversity
6) Biosphere
7) Lithosphere
8) Atmosphere
9) Hydroshpere

A

1) Ecology - A branch of science that studies the relationship between living things and their environment.
2) Ecosystem - Interactions of organisms and their non living environment
3) Population - A group of individuals of the same species.
4) Community - All the organisms that inhabit a particular region.
5) Biodiversity - The variety of organisms in an ecosystem and their influence on one another.
6) Biosphere - The part of the earth where organisms can live on.
7) Lithosphere - The hard part of the earth’s surface.
8) Atmosphere - The layer of gases above the earth’s surface.
9) Hydrosphere - All the water on the earth’s surface.

18
Q

What is a food chain and a food web?

A

1) Food chain - Energy flow from one organism to another.
2) Food web - Multiple overlapping food chains within a single ecosystem.

19
Q

Classify the following organisms as producers, consumers, or decomposers:
1) Pine tree
2) Cougar
3) Soil bacteria
4) Worms
5) Dogs
6) Grass

A

1) Pine tree = Producer
2) Cougar = Consumer
3) Soil bacteria = Decomposer
4) Worms = Decomposer
5) Dogs = Consumer
6) Grass = Producer

20
Q

Classify the following organisms as herbivores, carnivores, or omnivores:
1) Snake
2) Bear
3) Rabbit
4) Caterpillar
5) Human
6) Owl

A

1) Snake = Carnivore
2) Bear = Omnivore
3) Rabbit = Herbivore
4) Caterpillar = Herbivore
5) Human = Omnivore
6) Owl = Carnivore

21
Q

What is a top carnivore? Give an example.

A

A top carnivore is an animals that is not hunted down or preyed upon by other animals. Like a lion

22
Q

Write out the word equations for photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

A

1) Photosynthesis : Carbon dioxide + Water = Glucose + Oxygen
2) Cellular Respiration: Glucose + Oxygen = Carbon dioxide + Water

23
Q

Where does photosynthesis and cellular respiration occur?

A

Photosynthesis occurs in only plants, but cellular respiration occurs in both plants and animals

24
Q

Define the term pesticide and pest.

A

1) Pest = An unwanted organism that is harmful to human activity
2) Pesticide = A toxic substance thats use to kill the unwanted organism.

25
Q

List two advantages and two disadvantages of pesticide use.

A

1) Advantages = Increase in food production and reduces competition for nutrients among crops and livestock.
2) Disadvantages = Might introduce long lived toxins into the environment and reduces biodiversity.

26
Q

Explain the terms bioaccumulation and biomagnification.

A

1) Bioaccumulation = The buildup of harmful toxins within the tissues of an organism.
2) Biomagnification = The concentration of harmful toxins as you move up the food chain

27
Q

What consequences does each of the following activities pose to an ecosystem?
1) Construction of roads and buildings
2) Dam building
3) Consumption of fossil fuels

A

1) Construction of roads and buildings = Habitat destruction, greenhouse gas emissions, and pollution.
Dam building = Habitat destruction, greenhouse gas emissions, and flooding.
3) Consumption of fossil fuels = Habitat destruction, greenhouse gas emissions, and climate change

28
Q

What is the largest source of nitrogen on Earth?

A

The atmosphere

29
Q

The largest source of nitrogen is not useable to living things. What 2 processes occur on earth that converts nitrogen to a useable form of nitrogen? Briefly describe both.

A

1) Lightning converts nitrogen into useable forms that dissolves in rain water and falls to the soil.
2) Nitrogen fixing bacteria found in soil converts atmospheric nitrogen into biologically usable forms

30
Q

Many of the nutrient cycles would not continue without a certain living thing. State that living thing and explain how it causes the carbon and water cycle to continue.

A

Plants are crucial for the water and carbon cycles. Photosynthesis takes carbon from the atmosphere to the biosphere and water from the hydrosphere to the biosphere. Then cellular respiration takes the carbon and moves it back to the atmosphere and water from the hydrosphere back to the atmosphere through transpiration.

31
Q

How would you define biodiversity?

A

The variety of living organisms

32
Q

Not all environments support the same amounts of biodiversity. Why is it that some environments have higher biodiversity than others?

A

Abiotic factors like weather and temperature impacts biodiversity. Environments with extreme weather conditions like the polar regions and desert, tends to support lower amounts of biodiversity.

33
Q

What’s a constellation?

A

A constellation is a group of stars that form a pattern in the sky.

34
Q

State the planets in order.

A

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

35
Q

What are the terrestrial planets?

A

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars

36
Q

What are the gas giants?

A

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

37
Q

State the characteristics of Mercury.

A
  • 0.39 AU from the Sun
  • A rock ball covered in craters, a little larger than the Earth’s moon
  • No atmosphere
38
Q

State the characteristics of Earth.

A
  • 1 AU from the Sun
  • Rocky world capable of living in.
  • Atmosphere made of N2, O2, and H2O
39
Q
A